Free English Course for Beginner

How To Get Ready To Take the TOEIC Test

2009-08-29T11:09:00.001+07:00

The TOEIC test is not based on the content of any particular English course but rather on your English-language proficiency—your overall ability to use English. Improvement in proficiency may take some time and is generally achieved through a combination of practice and study. The TOEIC test does not test business knowledge, and you are not required to know specialized business and technical vocabulary beyond what is used in everyday work activities.

Before taking the TOEIC test, there are several things you can do to prepare for the test and improve your English proficiency:

a. Become familiar with the test format and know how to mark your answers on the answer sheet. You can then focus your attention on the test questions themselves. Carefully review the test directions and the sample questions on pages 8–13 and the sample answer sheet and sample Background Questionnaire on pages 15–18.

b. Immerse yourself in the language as frequently as possible and in as many ways as possible if it has been some time since you have had contact with English. Reading, watching TV and videos, listening to recordings, taking an English course, and speaking with friends and colleagues are some of the ways to practice English.

c. Web Resource Guide The official TOEIC website has many resources you may find helpful to familiarize yourself with the test:
• test preparation material
• scoring information
• frequently asked questions (FAQs)

Job Interviews and How to Win Them

2009-06-02T21:36:00.000+07:00

Why do people go to school? We all know that the primary reason is basic education for personal growth and development. This reason is still the top most even these days. In these practical days, going to school is more of a preparation for the future. A future that is envisioned to be something of progress is what parents want for their children. Getting a college degree and land a stable job is what they dream of.

After years in college or university, one will then face the challenging real world. To find a job or to quit the next level is a question for future-seekers. Finding a job especially the one you want is not that easy these days. Competition is so stiff and qualifications are demanding. Both unemployment and underemployment are social problems greatly affecting a country. Every year, the employment world welcomes many hopeful young people to have jobs. In response to this, localities launch job fairs almost annually with the aim of helping job seekers find the job for them. Thousands try, many get hired and others go home- still jobless.

Job fairs are good venues for fresh graduates to find their first job. For those who wish to change their current job, job fairs offer many options to choose from and try out. There are a huge number of applicants from everywhere. How could one win the heart of his or her target company? Some say that a job fair is just a drop-your-resume and try-your-luck thing. No it is not. Be proactive and come to think of it: you could introduce your self to 20-more companies in just a couple of hours.

Did you know that there is a huge chance to win a job? Yes, that is by making it big in a job interview.

The ability to make it bigger than hundreds of those other job seekers is the responsibility of every aspirant. Considering some really a couple of useful tips like as follows would help them out a lot. In a job interview when you try your luck at jobs fair, remember these few of reminders.

Applicants prepare the most detailed resume since employers would base their judgment over those pages of paper. An impressive resume is not actually the first means to make an employer be interested to your application. He or she will only be looking forward to read your resume if you look impressive from the very start, it will make good impressions will come your way. Dress up and act as a professional you must not come in the thickest make-up or the flashiest clothes. Come on time, wear your skin and flaunt what you have. Answer questions sincerely and remember to relax while answering. Pay attention to the interviewer and flaunt your assets.

Job Fairs may lead you to your first or last job. Job interviews are your keys to the doors of opportunities.

Breathers before the interview

2009-05-31T23:07:00.000+07:00

You could not cut off the wings of those butterflies in your stomach. You could not tame that mouse running in your chest. Being nervous before an interview is of course very normal. Though you are a well-experienced person when it comes to conversing with people, you would not avoid the fact that you still feel the shivers of your nerves.

What must be done? You have to be very determined in doing things that would make you feel relaxed before being interviewed. These matters a lot for the way you answer in the interview would be affected if you are too much nervous.
The following are the things you could do in order for you to ease those monsters in your chest:

• Images for your ease
Imagine a picture of peace or serenity. This would really give you the peace of mind and the atmosphere to think and be relaxed. You have to try this method out. A couple of minutes for this would give a huge benefit.

• Breath and smile
Breathe deeply like you exhale the pessimism within you. Do it for several times until you feel relieved from your nervousness.

• Carry a sweet memory
Choose a picture you like that would remind you of an inspiration. You could paste it in a notebook. Stare at it and recall beautiful memories. This would definitely help you get inspired for the interview.

• Oath of esteem
Remind yourself by being in silence, telling your self that you are the best for the job, you could answer the questions and you could be hired. Being positive move mountains and it could build muscles of hope.

These three activities before the interview would definitely ease your emotional burden. You are but human and it is natural to feel those rushing shivers within but hey! This is a once in a lifetime chance and you could not afford to miss, could you?

And the phone rings – The Phone Interview

2009-05-28T00:36:00.000+07:00

There is one way of job interview that is practiced by most companies before the actual interview and that is phone interview. Well, if you are about to experience such, do not panic down to your bone marrows. This is something you could handle and it is somehow a polish for you for an actual interview.

The following are the things you have to have in mind so that you would be able to pass a telephone interview when you are able to do the following well:

• As you wait for the interviewee’s call, place your resume near you for guidance.
• Bring a paper and pencil for you to take notes
• Be sure to turn off call waiting options or whatever features that may disturb you while taking the call.
• Make sure that there is silence for it may disturb your conversation if there are children crying and other forms of noise.
• No stereo, no TV please.
• Beware of eating or drinking anything while on an interview. You could take a sip of water when the interview is that long.
• Speak clearly and smile while you answer.
• Address the interviewee politely.
• Listen well and do not interrupt the interviewee.
• Answer briefly but straight to the point.
• Say thank you and appreciate compliments.

Though you do not see the person on the other line, you have to act as if you are talking face-to-face. It is good to be relaxed while taking the call. It would be sensed by the interviewee, whether you are sincere or you are too pressured.

When the phone rings, take a deep breath, lift the receiver and say to yourself that you are indeed going to make it for that job.

With the reminders above, you would definitely be able to make it well for the phone interview.

Using the Active Voice for Stronger Writing

2009-04-16T15:47:00.001+07:00

One of the most frequently-heard pieces of advice for writers is to use the active voice instead of the passive voice. What does this mean? In this article we show you how to identify the passive voice, how to change it to the active voice, and when you should leave things in the passive voice.

Quick Tip 1

Getaway and Get Away

"Getaway" is a noun. When you escape, you make your getaway. A location can also be a getaway.

"Get away" is a verb and a modifier. To get away from something or someone is to move away or to escape.

Example: If the robbers get away from the police, they will make their getaway.

Example: Get away from the dog! He bites!

Example: We hope to get away to the cabin this summer. It is our summer getaway.

Quick Tip 2

Who's and Whose

"Who's" means "who is." The apostrophe is there because it is a contraction. The apostrophe does not indicate possession.

Example: Who is there? Who's there?

"Whose" means "belonging to whom." It indicates possession without using an apostrophe.

Example: Whose suitcase is this?

Don't let the apostrophe confuse you. You cannot use "who's" to ask who something belongs to.

Common error: Who's suitcase is this? - Incorrect!

Introduction to English Grammar

2009-04-16T15:40:00.002+07:00

English grammar is a huge subject, and one that often stumps both native and non-native speakers alike. In this in-depth guide we look at the vast field of English grammar and pick out some points to help you avoid common pitfalls in your writing.

Quick Tip 1

Lay and Lie

To lay is to put something down. Lay down your pen. The verb must act on another object.

To lie is to recline. Lie down on the couch. I will lie in bed until noon.

The past tense of "lay" is "laid." After the test I laid down my pen.

Unfortunately, the past tense of "lie" is "lay," which can cause confusion.
Yesterday I lay on the couch all afternoon.

Quick Tip 2

Then and Than

"Then" always indicates a relationship in time. Something happened, and then something else happened after that. When you use "if" with "then" to show a cause-and-effect relationship, the effect still comes after the cause. For example, "If you help me, then I will be grateful."

"Than" is used for comparisons. Brazil is bigger than Portugal. Mice are smaller than cats. Chess is more complex than checkers. Even when talking about time, use "than" for comparisons. Autumn is later than summer.

How To Write a Cover Letter

2009-03-29T13:33:00.002+07:00

A cover letter is very useful for us if looking for apply a new job. Here are tips how to write a cover letter :

1. Keep to only one page

a. The cover letter should not be longer than one page, otherwise the interviewer will lose interest.

b. Maximum five paragraphs only.

c. Use simple words.

2. Address the letter to the Human Resource Manager by name, if possible, followed by company name and address

a. Do not write Dear Sir/Madam, Gentlemen, Sirs, Mr President, or To Whom It May Concern.

b. If you do not know, find out beforehand. Do not spell the person’s name wrongly.

3. Layout

a. The Opening
Include your full name, address, date, employer’s designation and company address, correct salutation and subject.

b. Introduction
Indicate position applied for, branch/state position available (if applicable), source and date of job information. Briefly mention your qualifications.

c. Sales Pitch
Highlight to what extent you match the job requirements. Summarize your education, experience, capabilities and skills. Mention your interest in the company and the reason you are applying for that particular position.

d. Request for further action
Write that you look forward to receive their call for an interview. State your availability to attend interviews. End by thanking the person for his/her time and consideration.

Tips To Learn English

2009-03-26T14:38:00.002+07:00

Do you have any plan to pursue your further education abroad? Will you need English for your career or your education? If so, you may wish to investigate your options for learning, or improving, your English skills.

The TOEFL Test: TOEFL (Test Of English as a Foreign Language) is a test used by many colleges, universities, government agencies and exchange and scholarship programs in the US, UK and Canada as a means of evaluating the language skills of a person whose first language is not English.

You can find TOEFL study guides easily online with other recommended resources listed. You may be able to access some of the sample tests and prepare with personal study. Or you may look for a class with an instructor to help you prepare for the test.

ESL Classes: ESL classes are a common means for students to learn English with group of classmates. These can be in the form of an evening class with various individuals attending or may be part of a college program during the day.

The course length and the topics covered will differ from country to country and school to school. Some summer programs are geared for international students to gain a basic grasp of the language before starting studies in English taught classes of the college or university.

Since the standards of passing a course, or the course material itself, will vary drastically, some students may feel that the language skills gained upon completing the course does not equip them to handle school work or social interactions adequately.

Some schools offer students and alternative of home-stay programs for students. Home-stay programs benefit the student by placing them for several weeks or months with a host family that speaks English. The student is then able to immerse him or herself in the culture and social speaking of the English country they are living in. There are also online ESL programs that may be suitable for distance education, especially if programs are not readily available in your area.

Private Tutors: Another popular method of learning English is with private tutors. The materials and methods used by ESL tutors will vary greatly and it is important to establish what material will be used and to feel comfortable with the tutor. Asking friends or other students for references can be helpful in finding a good tutor.

A combination of these English learning methods will be effective as well. You can take a summer course while staying with a home-stay host family and then arranging for private tutoring during the school year. Making an effort to use your new language skills regularly in social situations will improve your progress regardless of the program or course you are using.

About the Author:

George Williams maintains many translator websites, including Free Translator, French Translator ,and Japanese Translator.

Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/education-articles/tips-to-learn-english-13462.html

Direct and Reported Speech

2009-03-22T21:36:00.002+07:00

You can answer the question "What did he/she say?" in two ways:

* by repeating the words spoken (direct speech)
* by reporting the words spoken (indirect or reported speech).

A. Direct Speech

Direct speech repeats, or quotes, the exact words spoken. When we use direct speech in writing, we place the words spoken between inverted commas ("....") and there is no change in these words. We may be reporting something that's being said NOW (for example a telephone conversation), or telling someone later about a previous conversation

Examples:

She says "What time will you be office?"
She said "What time will you be office?"
and I said "I don't know! "
"There's a fly in my soup!" screamed Simone.
John said, "There's a buffalo outside the window."

B. Reported Speech

Reported speech is usually used to talk about the past, so we normally change the tense of the words spoken. We use reporting verbs like 'say', 'tell', 'ask', and we may use the word 'that' to introduce the reported words. Inverted commas are not used.

She said, "I saw him." She said that she had seen him.

1. 'That' may be omitted:
She told him that she was sad.
She told him she was sad.

2. 'Say' and 'tell':
Use 'say' when there is no indirect object:
He said that he was tired.

Always use 'tell' when you say who was being spoken to (i.e. with an indirect object):
He told me that he was tired.
'Talk' and 'speak' are used:
- to describe the action of communicating:
He talked to us.
She was speaking on the telephone.
- with 'about' to refer to what was said:
He talked (to us) about his parents.

source : www.edufind.com

To Get

2009-03-15T12:00:00.002+07:00

TO GET + direct object = to obtain, to receive, to buy:

To obtain

* She got her driving license last week.
* They got permission to live in Switzerland.

To receive

* I got a letter from my friend in Nigeria.
* He gets £1,000 a year from his father.

To buy

* She got a new coat from Zappaloni in Rome.
* We got a new television for the sitting room.

TO GET + place expression = reach, arrive at a place:

* We got to London around 6 p.m.
* What time will we get there?
* When did you get back from New York?

TO GET + adjective = to become, show a change of state:

* It's getting hotter.
* By the time they reached the house they were getting hungry.
* I'm getting tired of all this nonsense.
* My mother's getting old and needs looking after.
* It gets dark very early in the winter.
* Don't touch the stove until is gets cool.

TO GET + preposition / adverb is used in many phrasal verbs. Here are some of the most common ones:

Phrasal Verb ===> Meaning

1. get at ===> try to express

2. get away with ===> escape punishment for a crime or bad action

3. get by ===> manage (financially)

4. get down ===> descend; depress

5. get off ===> leave a form of transport (train, bus, bicycle, plane)

6. get on ===> enter/sit on a form of transport (train, bus, bicycle, plane); have a relationship with someone;manage

7. get out of ===> avoid doing something, especially a duty

8. get over ===> recover (from an illness, a surprise)

9. get through ===> use or finish the supply of something

10.get up ===> leave your bed

11.get up to ===> do - usually something bad

Examples:
a. He got on his bicycle and rode down the street.
b. He gets up at 6.00 a.m. every morning.
c. She got out of the washing-up every day, even when it was her turn.
d. We got off the train just before the bomb exploded.
e. We've got through all the sugar - can you buy some more?
f. The children are very quiet - I wonder what they're getting up to.

Source : http://www.edufind.com

8 Resume Writing Tips

2009-03-10T02:00:00.002+07:00

1. Know Your Objective

a. What job do you want? What are the skills and requirements necessary for this job?
b. Keep them in your mind as you write your resume so that the interviewer reading it will see that you are the person they are looking for.

2. Compile all your information

a. List down your personal particulars, education history, extra-curricular activities including positions held, employment history, seminars attended, achievements, etc.

b. Ensure the dates are correct. Leave out hobbies/interests, parent’s occupation etc.

c. Sort information under specific headings – Education, Work Experience, Achievements, Skills, Activities.

3. Start with your Name and Contact details
a. Write your full name, postal address, house and mobile numbers, email address.
b. Leave out your marital status, sex, race, parent’s name and occupation, birth details, etc.

4. Write your Employment details

a. Starting with your most recent work, list down all the jobs you have had, company names, dates of employment, position titles.

b. Using bullet points, write the job description, nature of work and responsibilities held for each position

c. Use key words: responsible for, coordinating, prepared, managed, monitored, presented, accomplished, achieved, analyzed, delegated, etc .

d. Highlight your achievements/job responsibilities.

5. List Education details
a. Lead with your highest education level to the lowest, include grades like CGPA.

b. State courses or papers studied, e.g. Psychology, Contract Law, Multimedia.

c. List activities like societies/clubs, position held and accomplishments if they are relevant to the job you are applying to. Otherwise, leave them out.

6. Include your Skills

List down your computer skills, language skills (and different dialects) including proficiency in reading and writing, and soft skills (public speaking, presentation, etc).

7. Reference

a. Not totally essential but if you need to mention references, choose people who know you personally and can give a good impression of you to the potential employer.

b. Remember to give your reference’s contact details.

c. Make sure you inform your referees that they may receive calls from your interviewers so that they can prepare. Send them copies of your resume so that they know who you are and what you did.

8. Miscellaneous
a. Be short and concise

- Resumes are usually read in only 30 seconds or less, so you have to be brief and go straight to the point.

- Resumes should be a maximum of two pages long. Use Size 12 fonts (Times New Roman or Garamond font) for easy read. Use three pages only if you have extensive professional experience.

- Use italic or bold fonts only to indicate important information or section breaks.

- Use a good printer, no stray marks, splotches, uneven or blurred letters.

- Use high quality A4 paper, white only. Do not use flashy colours like pink or red.

b. Be honest
Do not inflate your resume. Make sure you can back up what you claim. Do not cheat/lie.

c. Check for spelling and grammar mistakes
- Make sure your resume is free from spelling or grammar mistakes.
- Ask someone reliable to check it for you.
- Do not depend on your word processor’s Spell Check function.
- Most importantly, proof read until your resume is perfect.

d. Use Power Verbs
Action words add “oomph” to your writing and enables you to describe clearly.

Drafting a Killer Resume

2009-03-03T22:03:00.002+07:00

A good job hunter knows that a good resume is the key to an interview invite and ultimately, to employment. Aside from a summary of your abilities, work experience and education, a resume should reveal your unique selling points to entice a potential employer to BUY you.

The secret to an irresistible resume is to address the specific need of a specific job. A tailored resume has infinitely more impact than a one-size-fits-all. To write such a resume, first organize information under specific headings such as education, work experience, achievements, skills and activities. When everything is on paper, decide on the proper format to play up your outstanding qualities that fit the job’s requirements.

Here are several types of resume for your reference.

1. Chronological resume

- Recommended for candidates with solid working experience and a progressive job history in a specific field or history, and who would want to continue along this similar career path.

- Most employers prefer this style as it is based on facts, and easily digestible.

- Very conventional, emphasizing on itemized employment history.

- Important to present career milestones in reverse chronological order, starting with current position and moving backwards. Each position contains a description of relevant responsibilities and accomplishments.

2. Functional Resume

- Suitable for fresh graduates and job hoppers hoping for a career change.

- Helps to cover seemingly disconnected experiences by displaying transferable skills and related achievements.

- Organize work history into sections that highlight skills and accomplishments deemed most appropriate for the position applied for. Always include the company name in bulleted description of your accomplishments. Do not miss out at least a brief chronological listing of your work experience.

3. Combination Resume

- This format tries to merge the best features of the chronological and functional type resumes by incorporating both a chronological work history and a skills and achievements section. Top focus is on skills and accomplishments, followed by work experience.

- Though some employers will find this format long, repetitious and confusing, this type of resume can be good to someone with good editing skills.

4. Electronic Resume

- Adopted by many people to send resumes to electronic resume banks and make on-line job applications through JobStreet.com.

- The resume is sent by email or can be viewed on the Internet. Specially formatted for scanning and searching by optical scanning systems.

- Fast becoming an increasingly popular and acceptable form of job application as it is fast, effective and convenient.

- Comes in different file formats but most common are plain text, rich text and hypertext.

Source : www. JobStreet.com

7 Jobs Interview Guidelines

2009-03-01T01:50:00.003+07:00

These 7 tips have been carefully summarized based on feedback that we receive from employers.

1. Read the job description and company profile carefully so that you are aware of the job details when an employer calls you about your application. If the job advertisement does not contain enough information, ask the employer for more details.

2. Remember to write down the name & contact number of the recruiter in case you need to call back later.

3. Prepare for the interview by finding out more about the company, the job and the industry.

4. Be punctual for your interview. Bring your resume, transcripts, certificates and relevant documents to the interview.

5. IMPORTANT: If you cannot attend the confirmed interview for whatever reason, you must contact the employer at least one day beforehand to let them know.

Keeping a good interview attendance record will help to ensure opportunities for interview in the future, as employers have the right to share their "No show" and late cancellation records.

6. Send the employer a Thank You email after the interview.

7. Follow up with the employer on the status of the interview after two or three days. This shows your interest for the job and may increase your chances of success.

Source : JobStreet.com

8 Tips for Taking Multiple-Choice on TOEIC Test

2009-02-23T21:14:00.002+07:00

Effective test-taking strategies are especially important with multiple-choice questions found on language tests such as TOEIC. These types of questions often include clues that may help you identify the correct answer. You may be able to improve your performance on such tests by considering the following tips :

1. Read the direction carefully

The directions usually indicate that some alternatives may be partly correct or correct statements in themselves, but not when joined to the stem. The directions may say : "choose the most correct answers" or "mark the one best answer."Sometimes you may be asked to "mark all correct answers".

2. As you read the stem of each multiple-choice question anticipate the answer before looking at the options. If the answer you anticipated is among the options, it is likely to be the correct one.

3. Always read each question completely.

Continue reading even if you find your anticipated answer among the options. There may be a better option farther down the list.

4. Learn how to quickly eliminate options that are highly implausible.

Many questions have only two plausible options, accompanied by "throwaway" options for filler. You should work at spotting these implausible options so that yu can quickly discard them and narrow your task.

5. Be aware that information relevant to one question is sometimes given away in another test item.

6. On items that have "all of the above" as an option, if you know that just two of the options are correct, you should choose "all of the above". If you are confident that one of the options is incorrect, you should eliminate this option and "all of the above" and choose from remaining options.

7. Options that represent broad, sweeping generalizations tend to be incorrect. You should be vigilant for words such as always, never, necessarily, only, must, completely, totally, and so forth that create these improbable assertions.

8. In contrast, options that represent carefully qualified statement tend to be correct. Words such as often, sometimes, perhaps, may and generally tend to show up in these well-qualified statements.

7 Tips for CVs/Resumes

2009-02-18T11:29:00.001+07:00

When you apply for a job, you are usually asked to send a CV or resume. This is a history of your education and work experience. Here are 7 tips for CVs and resumes in English:

Tip 1:

Use design that demands attention Employers don't have time to read through each of your job descriptions to know if you have the skills they need. The design of your CV must do it for them. Your CV should be concise, well-organised and relevant. It should emphasise the most important and relevant points about your experience, skills and education.

Tip 2: Use 'power words'

To control the image that an employer has of you, use power words that match the position you want. Certain words are used frequently by recruiters in their job descriptions. You should study recruiters' advertisements and job descriptions and use these words in your CV and covering letter.

Tip 3: A number is worth 1,000 words

Numbers are alive and powerful. They create images in our minds. General statements are easy to ignore. Be specific!
Use numbers when describing your duties and achievements.

Tip 4: Put important information first

List important information at the beginning of your job descriptions. Put statements in your CV in order of importance, impressiveness and relevance to the job.

Tip 5: Sell benefits, not skills

Holiday companies don't sell holidays. They sell relaxation, adventure, sun, sea and sand (the benefits of a holiday).
You should not sell your skills (many other people have the same skills). You should sell the benefits of your skills.
When you write your skills and past duties, you can explain their benefits to the employer.

Tip 6: Solve the employer's (hidden) needs Employers want people who can solve problems, not create them! Your CV and cover letter should show how you can solve the employer's problems and needs.

Tip 7: Target the job

You will have more success if you adjust your CV and cover letter for the specific skills an employer is seeking. This means that you would write one CV for one particular job and a different, modified, CV for another job.

Source : http://www.englishclub.com/esl-resources/ebcvs.htm

7 Ways to Improve YOUR English without even Trying! for people who speak English as a second language

2009-02-17T19:44:00.001+07:00

Learning a second language can be a very stressful and arduous task if you let it. Somehow, the words you learn in the books don't seem to apply very well to real life situations. Those small and seemingly un-important elements the show a person to be in command of not only the language, but the culture of the people who speak it cannot be adequately expressed by words on paper.

So, how do you learn these little secrets of mastering the ability to articulate yourself in another language?

Here are 5 proven techniques that will help you improve your English without even trying, if you are learning to speak English as a second language. Do they really work? Yes. I've tried them myself as I've had opportunity to live somewhere where English wasn't the primary language. I found it to be a fun, exciting, and painless way to learn both the language and the culture. The culture is simply learning the way the natives express their own words. The genuine accent, facial expressions, hand gestures, sighs, moans, groans, laughter, smirks, and other things that go along with everyday conversation.

Regardless of how extensive or not your vocabulary is, if you master the ability to "sound" like you know the language and can speak it, people will be more than generous to assist you.

1. Watch Movies!

Watching movies is always a fun thing to do. In order to get the most out of your movie watching experience, if your vocabulary is limited, watch a movie in English that you are very familiar with in your own language so you always know what's going on. Try not to translate as you go because you lose blocks of conversation this way. Instead, watch the picture and listen. Hear all the words, but determine what's going on by the pictures you see and the words you're hearing that you already know. Believe it or not, other words will sink in too, and so will the accent and everything else that went with what you saw and heard.

As your vocabulary grows, expand your movie selections to other movies you'd like to see but are only available in English. Try to be able to see the film more than once if possible.

According to the location and type of film you intend to view, you will be able to experience different accents, and other cultural expressions of the English language. Pick and choose the things that you think will suit you best. If it doesn't work out, pick and try something else! Have fun with yourself and your efforts.

2. Watch Soap Operas

The place where extreme expression and limited vocabulary meet! This is such a fascinating way to learn a foreign language. Every accessory that goes with the expression of a word is demonstrated on a soap opera. "Outrage" expressed with a word, facial expression or two, and perhaps even a subsequent face slap, all of that being understandable in any language. "Love", another universal subject, or violence, good versus evil can all be discerned quickly and easily on a soap opera. Plus, soap operas are naturally designed to allow anyone just tuning in to pick up the story quickly. The characters are easily loveable and deliciously "hate-able" so you turn to it again and again to see what's going on, and not only improve your English each time, but reinforce what you've already learned.

3. Read the Comics/Funny Papers

Very non-stressful! Pictures with words, or words with pictures, however you want to look at it, it's a great way to learn! For each thought presented there are words that match a picture, and vice versa. It doesn't matter if you read comic books, or the comics in the Sunday newspaper, read whatever will make you laugh and cause you to enjoy learning at the same time.

4. Read Children's books

If you know any little kids between the ages of 5-8, try reading one of their books to them. Usually little kids know their favorite books by heart, so if you stumble a little, they'll be able to help you.

If you enjoy this method of improving your English, and you find yourself to be pretty good at it, then try reading a few Dr. Seuss books. The rhyming will challenge you, but once you master it, your pronunciation of English, and your delivery will have been considerably refined and improved.

5. Take a service job like waiter or waitress; bartender, or sales person.

This type of job can be done if you have a decent vocabulary of verbs, and know how to say "I, we, she, he, they", etc. The only other thing necessary is a working vocabulary of things relevant to your specific tasks and goals.

For example, as a breakfast waitress, you want to be able to ask if they want their eggs, "scrambled or fried", if they want "more coffee", if everything is "alright", do they want "anything else", and the total of their bill in their own language!

If you sell real estate, you'll want to incorporate words like "mortgage, loan, co-sign, 30 year fixed", etc.

If you sell shoes, you need words like "how does that feel", are they "too tight, too loose, to short in the toe, to big", etc.

The longer you work at your job, the more your working vocabulary will improve.

6. Learn these two sentences and you'll be set for life . . . seriously!

"How do you say (blank)", in English (Spanish, French, etc.), and "What is that called?" (Point if you have to, and smile too). Smiling is a universal language. Once I learned how to ask these two questions, I was on my way to being conversant in the language of my choice!

I could use my limited vocabulary to ask the question and then when I got my answer I would repeat it a few times to make sure I was saying it correctly, and "BAM" I had a new vocabulary word. And, because I asked my question to the best of my ability in the native tongue, the natives realized my sincere desire to learn, and helped me!

7. What happens if you make a mistake?

Nothing. The world won't come to an end, and you haven't embarrassed yourself to the point where you can't show your face again. Just apologize if that's what's called for, or laugh at yourself, make the correction, and count it as a learning experience.

Once I was in a restaurant and I wanted to ask the waiter for a "to go" box, however, I was speaking to my kids in English, and trying to think of what I wanted to ask for in Spanish, and I promptly and incorrectly asked him for a "house to go". He looked at me kind of funny, but he was very courteous, and didn't laugh until I laughed.

I've committed other language faux pas as well over the years, all of which have been a learning experience, and if given enough time, will become a humorous story as well.

About The Author

Kim Rogers has lived and worked in the Caribbean, Denmark, and along the Mexican Border. Kim has developed 101 Words that will make You Sound Smarter Right Away! To read more got to http://www.soundsmarternow.com

14 Tips for Learning Foreign Languages

2009-02-10T23:05:00.002+07:00

Depending on the language you want to learn there may be thousands of books, CD's or tools out there (if you're lucky) to help you learn the language. Don't run out and buy anything just yet.

1. First you should do some research.

Research the books, and materials best suited to your needs. How do you do that? Well the easiest way is to go online and visit the largest shopping sitesspeakingjamaican.com can also give you a free head start in the language or dialect you want to learn. If you are a student, who is in high school or plans to go to college, (or are already in college) you can ask a teachers' opinion on what books/materials are best suited for learning your foreign language (of choice). Students could also consider taking the foreign language, of interest, as part of their curriculum. that sell books, CD's and multimedia; customers often leave feedback on items they have bought. Read the feedback and quite quickly you should be able to determine what books or materials are best suited to your needs. On the other hand, you may not need to buy anything at all. Some libraries have a foreign language section and they will let you borrow their material for free. In addition, some websites such as

Another very important point to remember when learning some foreign languages is that there are dialects and forms of the language and they vary by country or by region. You should decide which dialect you want to learn to speak. Here is a simple example: a dialect from "country A" may not be understood in country B, C or D even though it is classified as the same language. On the other hand, another dialect spoken in "country E" may be understood by all other countries. What's a common reason that the dialect of "country E" is widely understood (by other countries)? Well it may be widely understood because all or most of the movies, music or entertainment might be produced in that country (country E), therefore the dialect is widely understood in all the other countries. A foreigner wanting to learn the language might be better off learning the dialect of "country E" since it is more widely understood. Another thing to remember is that, in some foreign languages, a huge variation in dialect should not be an issue because learning the standard form of the language should ensure that you are understood by all native speakers.

Ok other tips for learning foreign languages are:

2. Listen to foreign language music and watch foreign language television, even if at first the language all sounds like "one big long word."

By watching the programs, you'll learn new words. Some words have a way of jumping out at you and sticking with you even if you initially have no idea what they mean. With time, you can learn what these words mean by asking a native speaker, asking at school or through self study. If you keep listening to foreign music or watching foreign language television, in time the "one big word" will begin to sound like "smaller word chunks" and eventually you should be able to tell where one word begins and another ends even if you don't understand what the word(s) mean. Later on, you can investigate their meanings.

3. Most people spend their time listening to the sounds of their native language whether it's the news, music or by chatting with friends.

That's how you learned your native language; by listening. Spend less of your time listening to your native language and try to fill as much of your world, as possible, with the sounds of the foreign language you want to learn. You can do this by listenening to language tapes, over and over again in the car. Try to be interactive and actively participate by repeating what you hear on the tape. Repeating the words helps both with pronunciation and memorization. The key is repitition. If you take a bus or taxi, invest in an mp3 player (tip: you can fit more mp3 material on a single CD) and make your own mp3's if possible. If mp3's are out of the question then opt for CD's, computer software or cassettes.

4. Try listening to foreign language tapes at home also.

It's best to use headphones because you get the full effect of a native speaker speaking into your ear. Furthermore, with headphones you hear the nuances of the language alot better. In addition, if you decide to leave the room (or go outside) the headphones will still be on your ears and the speaker will still be talking directly into your ear.

5. Alot of the above methods involve listening materials.

Listening and imitating is the way you learnt your native language as a child and is therefore one of the best ways to become proficient in a new language. But there are other materials you should use to complement your rigorous listening exercises. These could include books, flash cards, computer software. Books are especially important when the language, you want to learn, does not use the English alphabet (Roman alphabet). The written word would help in instances when there are words you have difficulty pronouncing, deciphering or understanding.

6. As mentioned earlier, another aid to learning a foreign language are movies.

Foreign language movies with english subtitles are preferred. If you can turn the subtitles off (as you can on many DVD titles) then you can watch the movie with and without the subtitles to test your knowledge.

7. To learn a foreign language you have to completely immerse yourself in that culture for periods of time (whether through music, movies, television or by visiting a friend who speaks the language).

8. Visiting the country where the foreign language, you want to learn, is spoken is also a very good way to learn the language. Quite logically, the longer your visit the more you will learn. If you surround yourself with others who mainly speak the foreign language then you will be forced to learn and communicate in the foreign language.

9. Some foreign languages use a different alphabet system, different phonetics and the arrangement of the letters do not always follow the A to Z formula. Therefore, by learning their alphabet, phonetics and alphabet order you'll not only improve your pronounciation but also be able to use a dictionary.

10. In time after studying intensively, you'll begin to ask yourself "what is the word for such and such". At this stage a small pocket sized dictionary becomes an essential tool. With a foreign language dictionary, you'll be able to quickly find the word, commit it to memory and satisfy your mind's curiousity.

11. Go over the basics from time to time. Never assume or tell yourself "I already know that so I can skip it." You may be surprised to find that by looking at things from a new perspective you'll gain new insight on something you thought you had already mastered.

12. Take breaks when necessary but don't stay away too long because it's easy to forget what you have learned.

13. Friends who are native speakers of the foreign language are also an essential resource.

Try to be around them especially when they are conversing with others in their native tongue. Even if you don't understand initially you'll be improving your listening skills. One important thing you might come to realize when learning a foreign language is that some words even though they are spelt with a certain letter, that letter may fall silent when spoken in some countries while in other countries it is pronounced. Another important thing to remember is that although a word may be spelt with a letter and that letter has a particular sound in english, in another language that same letter may have a different sound. Those are a few of the reasons why being around native speakers can help improve your foreign language skills by leaps and bounds; not to mention the cultural tips you'll learn which a book, CD, cassette or teacher probably won't cover. Friends are also great resources because they can give insight and help you with the meanings and usuage of words.

14. Don't tell yourself that you are too busy to study or learn your new language. Make the time. Excuses, excuses will get you nowhere.

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8 Tips for speaking English fluently!

2009-02-10T00:00:00.002+07:00

Here are a few tips and suggestions for you to find input of English around you and improve your English speech:

1. Rent or buy an English movie DVD

Rent or buy an English movie DVD. Put the English subtitles on. Follow the movie.
This has many advantages:
a. You will be able to compare the written words to the correct pronunciations.
b. You will get a feel of how real English sentences are formed when speaking.

c. You will be learning English but it will not be frustrating and boring because you will be watching a movie.

2. Read about any subject that interests you

There are a lot of English magazines available on a lot of different topics. No matter what subject interests you, there must be some magazine that talks about it. There are English magazines about Business, Brides, Guns and Ammo, House Keeping, Stock Market, Sports, Computers, Electronics, Linux, Graphic Designing, Cooking etc.

3. Read Internet forums of subject matter that interests you

Got to Internet forums of the subject matter that interests you. Generally most of the forums are in English language and are a great source of English input.Forums are a great source of information. Also in forums real people talk about real problems. Most of the information typed in forums is written in an informal way. Because of this the forums make a good source for English input. Reading forums exposes you to a lot of phrases of daily use.

4. Read English fiction novels

Read English fiction of your choice. Pick up some thing that interests you. Take it home and read it. Be sure to look up all the new words you come across in the book.

5. Listen to the radio and TV

There are also many different radio stations available now-a-days in the big cities. Some of these radio stations are in English. Listen to them to get a feel of the language.

Besides the radio, you could also listen to the "News In English". It’s available on a wide variety of channels. The news is a good place to get input of the English language because it is spoken in a very clear, easy to understand way.

6. Chat with fluent English speakers

Chat with fluent English speakers real or online. Make friends with interesting English speakers. Become pen-pals with a fluent English speaker.While talking to them look at their lip movement for tips on how to pronounce words correctly.

7. Most effective tip: "Think in English"

One of the most common mistakes that English learners make is, they think in their mother tongue. When they want to say something in English, they think in their mother tongue, translate it to English and then say it in English. The result is a very flawed English sentence. Never do this!

If you want to speak in English fluently you will have to learn to "think" in English. When you are constructing sentences in your mind before saying them, think in English and form them in English in your mind.

8. Get your self some English learning software!

To help you with your English, you could get your self a English learning kit OR English learning software!

English Grammar Really Does Matter

2009-02-07T16:32:00.000+07:00

Whether we are talking about a five year old that is about to start learning to read or whether we are talking about a thirty year old woman who is attempting to write a thesis for her master's degree, we cannot deny the fact that taking time to learn proper English grammar is important.

When we see or hear about English grammar, the immediate reaction of many people I know is to cringe. They are reminded of junior high and high school English class and the way that their English teachers made them to English grammar exercise after exercise. Because English grammar is usually seen in such a negative sense, it is all the more important that people replace those lies with the truth that learning English grammar really is important for anyone who wants to have a proper perspective of the English language.

When we are speaking or hearing English, not too many of us take the time to think about the fact that English grammar is the very thing that allows us to communicate with and understand one another. It is not so much because we use the same words of the English language, but it is because we all put our words together in certain ways to form thoughts and sentences that we can understand each other. This, in short, is the purpose of English grammar.

English grammar is the mechanics of the English langauge that allows for two people who use the same vocabulary to be able to communicate without misunderstanding. Certainly there will always be some level of misunderstaning that happens when two people communicate, but so much of our problems will be lessened if we all take some time to learn English grammar.

Many schools today are moving away from making English grammar a part of the regular curriculum. So while students may learn how to read and write successfully, they will likely never learn the English grammar or the reasons why they are speaking and writing as they are. So if you or someone you know is struggling with any element of the English language, or if you know a child or someone who is attempting to learn English for the first time, then make sure English grammar is included as an important part of the learning process.

Being able to speak, understand and write a language is an important part of being successful no matter what you do in life. And taking the time to learn even the basics of English grammar will go far in helping people communicate even better.

Catalogue: Reference & Education | Language
Title: English Grammar Really Does Matter By: Julee Mitchelsin

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Ebook for Free Download : Learning Spoken English in Half the Time

2009-02-07T08:17:00.004+07:00

By Lynn Lundquist

LEARNING SPOKEN ENGLISH tells you how to learn to speak English in half the time it would require in even the best grammar-based English training programs. If you live in a country where good English is not regularly spoken, for each hour of study you can learn how to speak in even less than half the time it will take others in your country.

This entirely new language study method for learning spoken English works extremely well. It was first introduced on the website www.FreeEnglishNow.com. Within two years, it had become the world’s most widely distributed spoken English language course. Today, hundreds of thousands of students around the world are learning fluent spoken English using the Spoken English Learned Quickly lessons from the website.

This book completely explains this new language study method which is called the Feedback Training Method (also known as the Proprioceptive Language Learning Method). You can now learn English—or any other language—faster and with greater fluency using this new method.

This book will help you learn English more quickly if you are already studying in another English program. You may also use the freely down loadable Spoken English Learned Quickly lessons from www.FreeEnglishNow.com whether you are a beginner or advanced English student.

We wish you the best of success as you learn to speak fluent English.

The ebook content :

Introduction

Chapter 1 : Teaching your tongue to speak English

Chapter 2 : Four rules for learning spoken English

Chapter 3 : Grammar and writing in spoken English study

Chapter 4 : Do you need beginning and advanced lesson?

Chapter 5 : Selecting a text

Chapter 6 : Studying the English verb

Chapter 7 : Success in spoken English study

This ebook ca be downloaded in here : Learning English Spoken.pdf

4 Tips How to learn English Pronunciation

2009-02-07T07:58:00.002+07:00

Here are 4 tips how to learn pronunciation :

1. Learn the sounds of English

English uses different sounds than other languages. For example, the first sound in the word thin and the first sound in the word away are never spoken in many languages.

So you have to know all the English sounds. You also have to practice your pronunciation — listen to English words and sentences, and try to repeat the English sounds as well as you can.

2. Learn the pronunciation of English words

Reading an English word does not tell you how it is pronounced. This means that, generally, you have to learn the pronunciation of every word that you use.

How can you learn the pronunciation of an English word? You can look it up in a dictionary and read about how it is pronounced. Dictionaries tell you about pronunciation through a special system called " phonetic transcription".

Phonetic transcription is written in a phonetic alphabet. The most popular phonetic alphabet is the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA). Anti moon has also created the ASCII Phonetic Alphabet, which is suitable for typing on a computer.

3. Choose American or British pronunciation (or both)

Different kinds of English have different pronunciation. For example, the pronunciation (the accent) in British English is different from the pronunciation in American English.

You have a choice between British English and American English, because these are the most important kinds of English in the world. Which one should you choose? Probably the kind that you like the most. Whether you choose British or American pronunciation, people will understand you wherever you go. Of course, you don't have to decide: you can learn to speak both kinds of English.

4. Learn about both American and British pronunciation

Even if you choose to speak one kind of English, you should learn about both kinds. Let's suppose you want to speak pure British English. You don't want to have an American accent at all. Should you pay attention to the American pronunciations in your dictionary? We believe you should.

You may want to speak British English, but you will hear some American English, too. You may go see an American movie, visit the United States, have an American teacher, etc. You may want to speak only British English, but you need to understand both British and American English.

Also, consider what happens if you (a student of British English) hear a new English word from an American? You may learn the American pronunciation of the word. And you may start using that pronunciation in your own speech. So your British English will no longer be pure.

For example, if you hear the word nuke on American TV, it will be pronounced [nu:k]. If, all your life, you have been reading only British phonetic transcriptions, you will not know that many words which have the sound [ju:] in British English, have [u:] in American English. So you will probably learn that nuke is pronounced [nu:k]. But if you learn it like this, you will make your pronunciation "wrong", because a Briton would pronounce the word [nju:k].

10 Ways to Improve Your Listening Skills

2009-02-05T13:56:00.001+07:00

Active listening is really an extension of the Golden Rule. To know how to listen to someone else, think about how you would want to be listened to. While the ideas are largely intuitive, it might take some practice to develop (or re-develop) the skills. Here's what good listeners know - and you should, too:

1. Face the speaker. Sit up straight or lean forward slightly to show your attentiveness through body language.

2. Maintain eye contact, to the degree that you and the speaker remain comfortable.

3. Minimize external distractions. Turn off the TV. Put down your book or magazine, and ask the speaker and other listeners to do the same.

4. Respond appropriately to show that you understand. Murmur ("uh-huh" and "um-hmm") and nod. Raise your eyebrows. Say words such as "Really," "Interesting," as well as more direct prompts: "What did you do then?" and "What did she say?"

5. Focus solely on what the speaker is saying. Try not to think about what you are going to say next. The conversation will follow a logical flow after the speaker makes her point.

6. Minimize internal distractions. If your own thoughts keep horning in, simply let them go and continuously re-focus your attention on the speaker, much as you would during meditation.

7. Keep an open mind. Wait until the speaker is finished before deciding that you disagree. Try not to make assumptions about what the speaker is thinking.

8. Avoid letting the speaker know how you handled a similar situation. Unless she specifically asks for advice, assume she just needs to talk it out.

9. Even if the speaker is launching a complaint against you, wait until she finishes to defend yourself. The speaker will feel as though her point had been made. She won't feel the need to repeat it, and you'll know the whole argument before you respond. Research shows that, on average, we can hear four times faster than we can talk, so we have the ability to sort ideas as they come in.and be ready for more.

10. Engage yourself. Ask questions for clarification, but, once again, wait until the speaker has finished. That way, you won't interrupt her train of thought. After you ask questions, paraphrase her point to make sure you didn't misunderstand. Start with: "So you're saying." As you work on improving your listening skills, you may feel a bit panicky when there is a natural pause in the conversation. What should you say next? Learn to settle into the silence and use it to better understand all points of view.

About the author :

Susie Cortright is the founder of Momscape.com and Momscape's Online Organic and Natural Living Magazine. She is also the creator of Free-Article-Bank.com, featuring free, quality articles for your website, ezine, newsletter, or blog.

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An Introduction to English Phonology

2009-02-01T02:15:00.003+07:00

By : April McMahon

This textbook is designed for use on ten- or twelve-week introductory courses on English phonology of the sort taught in the first year of many English Language and Linguistics degrees, in British and American universities.Students on such courses can struggle with phonetics and phonology; it is sometimes difficult to see past the new symbols and terminology, and the apparent assumption that we can immediately become consciously aware of movements of the vocal organs which we have been making almost automatically for the last eighteen or more years. This book attempts to show students why we need to know about phonetics and phonology, if we are interested in language and our knowledge of it, as well as introducing the main units and concepts we require to describe speech sounds accurately.

This e book's Content (145 pages) :

Sound, spelling and symbol, The phoneme : the same but different, Describing English consonants, Defining distribution : consonants allophones, Criteria for Contrast : the phoneme system, Describing vowels, Vowel phonemes, Variations between accents, Syllables, The word and above, and more

For the detail, the e book can be downloaded in here :

An Introduction to English Phonology.pdf

Summary Note for The TOEFL Test

2009-01-29T21:01:00.002+07:00

E book Contents :

I. Structure
- Structure test
- Sentences with one clause
- Sentence with multiple clauses
- More sentence with multiple clauses
- Structure problem
and more .....

II. Listening
- Listening test
- Short dialogs
- Long conversation
- Long talks
and more

III. Reading
- Reading test
- Questions about the ideas of the passages
- Directly answered
- Indirectly answered
- Vocabulary questions
and more

IV. Writing
- Writing test
- Before writing
- While writing
- After writing
and more

V. Appendix

For more detail the e book can be downloaded in here :
Summary Note for the TOEFL Test.pdf

How to Write an English CV

2009-01-24T16:54:00.001+07:00

Important Points When Writing an English CV

The purpose of an English CV is to sell yourself: An English CV is seen as an opportunity to sell yourself and should emphasise your skills, experiences and achievements. You should include successes and wherever possible include facts and figures to support your claims. Do NOT include information that is negative.

Spelling and Grammar Check: Correct spelling and grammar are of absolute importance in an English CV. Employers will NOT tolerate any mistakes. It is very important that a native English speaker checks your CV before you send it to an English-speaking employer.

CV writing.net can provide a full spelling and grammar check and suggest any changes to the content of your CV in line with what employers expect.

Do not include a photo: Most English employers do NOT like to see a photo on the CV and, in fact, including one could work against you. Only include a photo if it has been specifically requested for a particular job application.

English Language skills: This is a very important aspect of your CV and your professional career. You must explain your knowledge of the English language under the 'Skills' heading. Describe your level of knowledge as one of the following:

* Bilingual - You can speak English as well as your mother tongue

* Fluent - You have a complete working knowledge of the English language, both written and speaking.

* Working knowledge- you have a good practical knowledge of English for professional purposes.

* Conversational - You can converse adequately in English with good comprehension.

English CV Format:

Your name, address, telephone number and email address should appear at the top of your English CV. Always use a capital letter at the beginning of a name including the name of a street, town or country. Do NOT put CV or Curriculum Vitae as a heading.

Your CV should be produced on a word processor, not hand written, and be available softcopy as a Word or PDF file. If you are printing your CV you should use good quality paper.

An employer will scan your CV in thirty seconds looking for keywords that are relevant to the vacancy he is trying to fill. Keep your CV short and concise so that your positive attributes stand out. Your CV should be no more than two pages long.

Do NOT use initials for company names or qualifications, as these could be meaningless to an English employer. Always write the words in full.

Headings:

1. Profile: This is an opportunity to summarise the skills and experience you have described elsewhere in your CV. It is the first part of the CV that the employer will read. It should be only one or two paragraphs long otherwise the reader may not go on to read the rest of your CV. You should also include your career aspirations.

2. Achievements: list any special achievements from your career history or education that may make you stand out from other candidates. List no more than six.

3. Career History: This is a very important part of your CV. The most common CV format is written in reverse-chronological order. Start with your most recent employment and work backwards. List the dates between which you worked for each employer the name of the employer, your position and the location at which you worked. Write a short description of the company and then describe your responsibilities including facts and figures as much as possible.

4. Skills: In an English CV it is necessary to list particular technical, professional or other skills separate from your career history. An English employer will not necessarily be familiar with non-English professional qualifications therefore you must explain each one.

5. Education: You must enter your highest qualification first, then where achieved, and then dates. Make sure you explain any non-English qualifications or try and put the English equivalent, e.g. Baccalaureate, French equivalent to the Higher Leaving Certificate and A levels. Do not include grades unless they are particularly impressive.

6. Personal details: It is not necessary to include all of your personal details on an English CV as your skills and experience are of paramount importance. However, you need to include your nationality and it is normal to include your Date of Birth such as: 11th November 1967. Do not put your age.

7. Interests. You do not have to include your interests on an English CV but they will help to give the employer a rounded picture of you as an individual.

Signature: It is not necessary to personally sign your English CV

How To Write A CV - Professional Online CV Writing Service - We show you how to write a CV in minutes. Professional CV writing at a fraction of the price. Full instructions and helpful tips. Telephone support and Web CV options for your complete CV writing solution

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How to Learn English With Fun

2009-01-23T08:29:00.002+07:00

Littlewood Farm, situated in beautiful countryside in Cornwall, UK, is a place for learn English , enjoy holidays, kids summer camp and so fourth.

Teachers in Littlewood Farm know the best way of how to teach english with a great fun. Learn english with fun means, listen to English language radio broadcasts, watch English news, movies, music and television.

Study English at a language school doesn't mean you can't learn outside of class. Using as many different sources, methods and tools as possible, will allow you to learn faster. There are many different ways you can improve your English, so don't limit yourself to only one or two.

Watch English Films and Television is not only a fun way to learn but it is also very effective. By watching English films (especially those with English subtitles) you can expand your vocabulary and hear the flow of speech from the actors. If you listen to the news you can also hear different accents.

Music can be a very effective method of learning English. In fact, it is often used as a way of improving comprehension. The best way to learn though, is to get the lyrics (words) to the songs you are listening to and try to read them as the artist sings. Another ways of learn english are holidays and summer camps. People who don't have much time for learn english, can learn in their holidays with a great fun in Littlewood Farm.

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How to Improve Your Vocabulary

2009-01-20T09:48:00.001+07:00

Have you ever wished that you had a big, impressive vocabulary? Increasing your vocabulary can be fun and easy, and you'll become smarter too. It doesn't take a lot of time to build an impressive vocabulary - just a few minutes a day!

If you want to be a great communicator, do you need to have a great vocabulary?

You might be surprised to learn that a really big vocabulary is not necessary in order to express yourself clearly and to move others with your words.

Some of the most dramatic messages that have ever been uttered in the English language actually used very simple words to stir the blood, or touch the heart.

Look at any well-known passage in the Bible. Chances are that the passage does not rely on sophisticated words to create its power.

Think of Lincoln's Gettysberg Address. Although President Lincoln spoke in a style that is very different from the way we usually speak today, his words still have the power to move us deeply with their clarity and their deep emotion. During the darkest days of World War II, Winston Churchill's rousing speeches to the British people used very simple, common, powerful words to successfully ignite the courage and determination of his people.

So if it's possible to communicate effectively without using a lot of very big words, why should we bother to try to expand our vocabulary? The reason is that learning new words expands our understanding and improves our "mental muscles". Every new word we learn entices our mind to stretch into new areas.

When we have a larger bank of words to draw on, we improve our ability to think and express ourselves. Our thinking will become more fluid and supple, and we will understand more of the world around us and within us, when we have a larger vocabulary. In the modern world the ability to use words effectively is often highly rewarded.

The English language has an enormous number of words, perhaps more than half a million of them. Most people however, use a vocabulary of just a few thousand common words on a daily basis. It is possible to get by in the English language with a limited number of words, but you expand your options as you expand your vocabulary. When you understand very few words, you are limited in your ability to learn new information.

If you want to increase your vocabulary, there are many approaches you can use. One good way is to read books or articles that are slightly more difficult than what you are accustomed to. When you come across a word you don't know, see if you can figure out its meaning from the context. Look at the way the word is made up, with its letters and syllables. Does it remind you of any words you already know? What parts of it are familiar?

Many words in the English language are made up of common roots they share with other words. You may be able to deduce the meaning of the new word from the way the syllables are put together and the way it is used. You should consult a dictionary to be sure.

If you come across a word you don't understand during the course of a lecture or a conversation, you can ask someone to explain the meaning of the word. Many people are reluctant to do this because they are afraid of exposing their ignorance by asking.

It is occasionally true that other people may choose to look down on you if you confess that you don't understand a certain word. On the other hand, they may be happy to teach you something new. If you decide you don't want to ask anyone else for the meaning of words you don't know, be sure to make a note of those new words and look them up later.

Should you try to learn new words directly from a dictionary? It depends on your learning style and your preference. Some people will become bored very quickly while reading a dictionary, while others will find it fascinating.

All dictionaries are not alike, and you may find a certain version far more useful than the rest. Good dictionaries will do more than just give a definition of a word. Some will show you an example of the word used in a sentence. Often they will show you alternate spellings, and give the plural forms of nouns and the past tense of verbs. Most dictionaries will show you correct pronunciation. Some will tell you the historical derivation of the word. Many English words have their roots in ancient Anglo-Saxon, French, or German.

Language is always evolving and new words are being created every day. New words can come from technology, from scientific discoveries, from other languages, from pop culture, and from the streets.

When learning new vocabulary, you can better integrate it into your brain if you actively involve yourself in the learning process.

When you encounter a new word, write out a definition of it in your own words, and write one or more sentences using the new word in context. Visualize the word in its printed form. Say the word out loud, and spell it out loud. Say a sentence out loud that uses the new word. Make up an image in your mind that will help you remember the word. If you make the image funny or bizarre, you will probably remember it better.

To improve your use of language and your ability to think, practice summarizing the theme of an entire article or book using just one or two paragraphs. After you have read an article or book, try writing out two different versions summarizing your ideas. Do one version using very simple, everyday words. Make it as clear and simple as you possibly can while still maintaining accuracy. Do another version that uses very complex sentences and advanced vocabulary, like you imagine a university professor might write.

This will give your brain a good work-out and increase your verbal and mental flexibility.

If you are committed to expanding your vocabulary, how many new words should you try to learn in a day? It's up to you. Just two new words a day will add up to more than 7000 words in ten years. Ten words a day would add 36,000 words in ten years.

Once you have learned a lot of new words, should you work them into your conversation every chance you get? The kind of vocabulary you use should always be appropriate to the context in which you are writing or speaking. For example, if you are speaking to a group of high school dropouts you may want to use different words than if you are speaking to a group of scientists.

Don't use an impressive vocabulary merely as a means of showing off, always using big words when small ones would do. People can often intuitively feel when you are using fancy words merely for effect, and not because you need them to communicate.

But if your new vocabulary really has become a part of you and has a useful place in your writing and conversation, by all means, go ahead and use it!

This article was written by learning expert Royane Real, author of the special report "Your Quick Guide to Improving Your Learning Ability" If you want to improve your learning ability, download it today at http://www.lulu.com/real

Royane Real is the author of several self help books including "How You Can Have All the Friends You Want" If you want to improve your social life, download it today at http://www.royanereal.com

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Learn Speed Reading --- Read Faster --- Read Better

2009-01-20T09:16:00.000+07:00

Let's face it, the ability to read faster, and still comprehend what you're reading, is an essential skill in today's fast moving environment. We must read extensively if we want to be successful in our studies, or careers.

There's no doubt, learning to speed read is probably the most valuable and time saving skill you can acquire. Frankly, under today's information pressures you must read faster and read better if you are to get ahead at all.

Of course, some people will say you can do fine without knowing how to speed read. WRONG! Young men and women trained in Modern Speed Reading show distinct advantages over those who lack this kind of preparation. Schools and colleges have discovered that courses in reading skills give enormous aid to students struggling under the heavier loads of today's scholastic programs. Their higher grade point averages speak for themselves.

Just imagine being able to read a novel in less than half the time it takes you now, and knowing how to skim an article effectively so the information you're seeking seems to pop out of the page for you to find. Once you can speed read, your whole attitude toward reading changes. You will enjoy reading a great deal more and will read with greater intelligence.

Once you have become proficient at speed reading, you've prepared yourself to move with confidence into the wonderful world of books. It will be a rich experience with your newly developed skills, for books are an opening of new horizons, a road to new adventures, and a source of unending pleasure and delight. People who have really learned to read are never at a loss and are never lonely. A good book is the best of friends, the same today and forever.

Learning to speed read is not a difficult or painfully long process. In fact, a recently released e-Book (Learn To Speed Read - Read Faster, Read Better) that I have just finished had me reading faster by the fourth chapter. Truly fast reading skills come with time and practice of course, but this book can teach you to read faster and read better right from the beginning.

If you are a High School or College Student, read extensively for your work, like reading the morning newspaper each day, or just enjoy reading a good novel occasionally, you really should consider learning to speed read. Once learned, it is a skill that will benefit you throughout your life.

Ken Asselin

Catalogue: Self Improvement
Title: Learn Speed Reading --- Read Faster --- Read Better By: Ken Asselin

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4 Brilliant Tips To Read Faster

2009-01-14T17:32:00.002+07:00

Use these 4 brilliant tips to speed read faster than ever.

Many people, particularly students, would love to be able to absorb information faster. But before retaining information, they have to go through the first stage of learning, which is reading.

For many individuals who are pressed for time, have to read faster has become a necessity. However, it's not just the reading part that is important. Equally essential is for the reader to fully understand the words coming out from the book or paper.

Here are some great tips to read faster and and comprehend more.

1) Relax.

If you're in the stressed mode, it would be much more difficult to concentrate; hence, it would just be a lot harder for the information to sink in.

2) Know what you want.

Focus on the areas that you really need to learn. Some people read all parts of a book, when all they need to know is a specific chapter. Know your priority. If you need to find out about a certain subject, go to the Table of Contents and search for the heading that best suits your need. If you need to learn more, then adjust accordingly. The important thing is to weed out the stuffs that you don't currently need.

3) Get rid of the structure words.

Did you know that around 60% of the words we read are structure words? Examples are the words "the, or, and." They are essential in the structure of the sentences; but when you ignore them, they basically mean the same thing. They only serve to beautify, yet you can understand what you are reading even without them. Try not to focus too much attention on structure words.

4) Practice, practice, practice.

When I started exercising with weights, I can only lift the lighter ones. As the time goes by, I slowly add more and more weights as my body tends to adjust and become more comfortable
carrying heavier ones.

The same concept goes for speed reading. Set a goal. Figure out how fast you can read, then create a plan to increase your ability.

If you can read 200 words per minute, set a goal to read 250 words a minute. After accomplishing this feat, set a goal to read 300 words per minute.

This takes time and practice, but the effort is all worth it. If this is your first time to set such a goal, read first those materials you are familiar with.

Carry on with more difficult ones as you progress. This way, you're not overwhelming yourself with understanding different new words and at the same time developing your speed reading
skills. In no time at all you will read faster.

Christian Whiting is owner of Speed Reading Monster Course.
Effectively double your reading speed and accelerate your learning
ablilities with this amazing speed reading monster course.
http://speedreading.thinking-clearly.com

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How To Learning English Grammar

2009-01-13T11:20:00.002+07:00

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Learning english teaching grammar with fun learning games teaching english grammar can be hard going - for the teacher and the students it doesn't have to be difficult or painful, however. Teaching grammar with fun learning games there mempunyai dua arti utama : there di sana, contoh: your car is here it is not there. English language & grammar worksheets : english spellings & vocabulary in englishsoftware, english grammar software cannot only be used to write but also to learn english it gives feedback as you write english text, reports, letters. Quia - shared activities grammar: improve your writing now with grammaright - clickable help for writers grammar.com provides a revolutionary help system you can use to write like a pro download. Grammar glossary for spanish and english these english grammar games help reinforces knowledge of nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, pronouns, conjunctions and interjections grammar games, these english.

Reading Speed: Learn how to improve yours with 5 Speed Reading techniques

2009-01-09T13:05:00.000+07:00

Reading Speed: Learn how to improve yours with Speed Reading techniques - by Susan Percy

www.synergee.co.uk

This article also covers information on Photo Reading and gives details on the Speed Reading course available from Synergee Training and Consulting Ltd.

Why is Speed Reading Important?

Do you ever feel overloaded by emails, books, reports, newspapers and other information that you would like to read, but do not have the time?

Many adults today are failing to keep up with the information that is bombarding them in the information-rich and complex society of today.

INFORMATION OVERLOAD!!

Tony Buzan, author of The Speed Reading Book, states that people must read at 400 wpm to be considered functionally literate. Functional literacy can be defined as the speed required to keep up in todays society.

However, the average adult reads at only 240 words per minute! This means that most people wish they had more control over the amount of material they have to read.

What is Speed Reading?

Some people are naturally fast readers. For example, John F. Kennedy was reported to read at 1,000 words per minute. Speed Reading techniques are based on how the eye and brain are able to easily process this level of words per minute and beyond.

Speed Reading is a process of training your eye to move faster across the page, turning pages faster and learning about how the brain works. Using these techniques, you can become comfortable with new reading speeds and understand how your brain can absorb and comprehend the information at a higher rate.

PhotoReading is similar to Speed Reading, however it emphasises having the unconscious mind take in the information at speeds of around 25,000 wpm and then activating the information by asking relevant questions.

How Can I Increase My Reading Speed?

With the right instruction, learning to increase your reading speed can be fun and easy. This article compares three books on the subject of Speed Reading/Photo Reading.

There are FIVE key points in common across all Speed Reading courses and books:

1. State - Being in a relaxed, alert state of mind, which is best for absorbing and remembering the information. Use a simple relaxation technique, such as taking a few deep breaths, before you begin.

2. Reading in layers (or levels), including browsing the information before starting, doing a high level overview and even a second read-through when finished, can improve your reading speed, comfort and comprehension. This layered approach may seem repetitive or slow, however it results overall in a massive increase in effectiveness and decrease in time spent reading a particular piece of material.

3. Speed Reading Techniques - Use your hand, finger or a pen on the page to keep your eyes moving forward. Other techniques also include points about page-turning and information on where to find key-points in the material.

4. Note Taking - In order to assimilate and remember the points made, take notes on what you have read, focussing on the key words. Mind Maps are a good technique for this. See this link for a: Free Mind Mapping Guide.

5. Speed Reading Courses. Attending a course with a qualified instructor means you will have the confidence of knowing that you are using the techniques in the correct way. A good Speed Reading course will cover all of the above points and take you through exercises to help with comprehension and memory, as well as increasing your reading speed.

Which Are the Best Speed Reading Books?

The Evelyn Wood Seven-Day Speed Reading and Learning Program by Stanley D. Frank. This book emphasises a layered reading approach. The book and examples focus on students and using these techniques as part of a study process.

PhotoReading by Paul R. Scheele. This process emphasises state (relaxed alertness and accelarated learning state) and a change reading method - from conscious to unconscious - to achieve speeds of 25,000 WPM.

The Speed Reading Book by Tony Buzan. Tony emphasises comprehension and includes many self-tests in his book. Tony Buzan invented Mind Mapping (the term Mind Mapping is registered trademark of Buzan centres) and includes information on how to take notes using Mind Maps. This is the most information-rich and well-researched book of the three mentioned in this article, including information on how the eye and brain work and the history of speed reading.

Speed Reading Courses

Synergee Training and Consulting offer courses that cover in detail the key points of learning state, the layered reading approach and attention to comprehension and memory.

We offer Speed Reading courses in London and across the UK. Upon request, we can also offer classes in the USA and worldwide.

Please email: info@synergee.co.uk to request course/class dates.

www.synergee.co.uk

Speed Reading Courses
Mind Mapping Courses
Free Mind Mapping Software Trial

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Overcome Your Fear of Speaking Foreign Languages

2009-01-08T12:54:00.001+07:00

Many people hesitate to try and speak in a foreign language . This might be because they don't want to feel foolish, are worried about how they will sound, are scared of sounding silly and so on. As a result they remain resolutely monolingual during any trip abroad, preferring to speak loudly in English. These are the same people who are clever, articulate and never lost for words when speaking in English. The same people who are achievers in other areas of life.

But why ? It may be because many people stop learning (or never start) languages when leaving school and when they travel abroad have only haunting memories of having to learn lists of words or conjugate verbs. Yuk. It could also be because many foreign language courses are detailed, promise a lot and require to much time. Anyway, let's cut to the chase. Who has the time or inclination to spend months learning Spanish/French/German or any other language when planning a three day visit ?

Well, maybe things have moved on or maybe not as regards language learning when still at school. I don't know, but I do know that it is fun and possible to learn some basic language for when you travel.

By basic, I mean basic. How to start ? Learn a few key words. For example, 'hello', 'goodbye', 'please', 'thankyou'. These are words that you will hear all the time and be able to use all the time. Learn them and say them as often as possible. It is a great confidence booster to do this, and once you can do this you have cleared the first hurdle.

I'm suggesting that it is always worth learning these key words because you will almost certainly have a better holiday. Try them out. Taxi drivers and waiters are great and will almost always respond positively. The moment you attempt to speak in another language you stop being a number to them and become a human being.

Almost always you will receive a positive reaction. In some cases, especially with shop-keepers it takes longer, (a few days) but most will crack eventually and reward you with some recognition that you are not just another tourist.

So, here we are, you can now speak ten or so words fluently. A good start but perhaps it might be fun to learn a few more and so how about some numbers. Start with 'one', 'two', 'three'. Remember that the goal is not fluency, or obsessing about finishing what you start (like having to count to ten) but to have a little fun and communicate.

Everyone buys drinks on holiday. This is an ideal occasion to use the numbers you know. It doesn't matter if you ask for the drinks in English. The important thing is to use the opportunity to ask for the number of drinks in the foreign language, or to confirm the number of drinks ordered.

Feeling inspired move onto a few phrases. A good one is 'that was delicious', assuming of course that you have chosen a good restaurant, and it is amazing how appreciative and surprised the owners will be.

Decide in advance what you are going to say. If you are getting a bus or if you are going to take a taxi learn 'one ticket' or whatever you will need, but keep it simple.

Start with the simplest phrase you can imagine. A common mistake is to make sentences in a foreign language more complicated than necessary. For example, instead of saying 'could you tell me where the beach is ?', it is easier to say 'where is the beach?'. In other words skip out the non-essential.

So, don´t be shy, learn ten, twenty or thirty words and a few phrases and make sure you use them.

Interested? Visit http://www.linguata.com for language software designed to teach a few hundred words and phrases in different languages.

Frank Middleton. is a freelance author and writes occasional articles for Veneficium Ltd.

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English as a Second Language

2009-01-08T12:41:00.001+07:00

The English language is the most commonly spoken language on Earth, either by native speakers or by people who have learned it in addition to their first language. More and more people everyday have the desire to learn English as a second language. The type of people who wish to learn it run the gamut from children in other countries who are required to learn English as part of their school curriculum, business professionals that wish to be able to communicate with their English-speaking peers, to immigrants who come to English-speaking countries such as the Unites States who need to learn the native language in order to gain employment, citizenship, and acceptance in their new home country. If you decide to become certified to teach English as a second language (TESL), you could be providing an invaluable service to thousands of people.

As an instructor of English as a second language, you have the option of going abroad and living in one of dozens of countries where there is a high demand for qualified instructors. You may also remain at home, and teach new residents of the United States how to speak, read, and write the language. Either way, you need to be certified to provide instruction. Because there is such a high demand for instructors who are qualified to teach English as a second language, language schools are highly selective when it comes to hiring new teachers. Receiving your certification exhibits your drive to potential employers and shows that you are serious in taking on this challenging new career. Certification can be earned by taking courses at one of several campuses nationwide, and there are also certification course programs available online. Receiving your certification for teaching English as a second language will unquestionably prepare you to be a more effective and successful teacher by instructing you on how to teach grammar, vocabulary, speaking, writing, how to motivate your students, how to manage a classroom, and how to construct lesson plans. If you decide to teach English as a second language in another country, obtaining your certification will also better prepare you for a move abroad, which can be intimidating and stressful. You will have the confidence in knowing that you are entirely qualified to perform your new job, which will help to alleviate some of the stress in immersing yourself into an entirely new country and culture.

Teaching English as a second language has many personal benefits. If you teach abroad, you will have the opportunity to break down stereotypes regarding our own American culture. You will learn about new cultures and traditions. You will be able to travel to neighboring nations. You will become self-reliant and self-assured, and you will no doubt make many new friends. In teaching English as a second language, will be able to develop your communication skills, which will give you a confidence that will help you to excel professionally and personally.

Teaching the English language to students in foreign nations can be exciting, fulfilling, and highly enjoyable. It is a mutually beneficial experience for you and your students. Not only are you representing your own country and culture, and imparting your personal knowledge of the English language and your culture onto others, but you are also learning about other individuals, their experiences, their traditions and their languages. While broadening your mind and experience something totally unique, you are also embarking on an exciting new career, one that has the opportunity to open many new doors for you professionally.

You will find that teaching English as a second language is a mutually beneficial experience for you and your students. Not only are you representing your own country and culture if you teach abroad, and imparting your personal knowledge of the English language and your culture onto others, but you are also learning about other individuals and their experiences and their traditions and their language. And if you are teaching stateside, you are providing a precious service to new residents of the United States. You are giving them the power to communicate in their new homeland. This power will enable them to find jobs, seek educations, and possibly gain American citizenship. That makes for an exceptional experience to have in your memories.

John is a director of numerous Internet companies and is a published author. Many articles have been produced on a variety of subjects with excellent content and depth. All his articles may be reproduced provided that an active link is included to http://www.foreign-languages-school.com

Find the essential information on where and how to learn a new or second language at English as a Second Language

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Find the essential information on where and how to learn a new or second language at English as a Second Language

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Foreign Language Learning - 5 Essential Steps to Start Learning a Foreign Language

2009-01-05T12:47:00.002+07:00

5 Essential Tips to Start Learning a Foreign Language

Here we will begin discussing the how to become a better and more independent language learner. The ideas and methods that we will discuss are not specific to a particular language but will be discussed in other articles. Here are 5 language learning tips to help get you started.

1. BE REALIST YET OPTIMISTIC - Anyone can learn a foreign language, but not everyone learns as quickly as the next. Set goals for yourself, and evaluate how you learn best so that you can have a realistic plan of attack to start learning your language of interest.

2. KEEP IT SIMPLE - Just like a child learning English for the first time you don't start by learning how to say complicated medical terms. Get a good dictionary that has explanations for common words and their idiomatic uses. There are several great reference dictionaries out there. I recommend Harper Collins Dictionaries or Larousse. There is a great book that approaches learning vocabulary by subjects which is a great learning method. The book is Master "insert language" Vocabulary a Thematic Approach.

Start by learning basic vocabulary and common phrases. Then you can practice making your own sentences. Think about things that you say everyday in English but probably don't think about and make list. Then start learning these essential conversational pieces.

Then you can practice making your own sentences. Think about things that you say everyday in English but probably don't think about and make list. Then start learning these essential conversational pieces.

3. BE A COPY CAT - Then you can practice making your own sentences. Think about things that you say everyday in English but probably don't think about and make list. Then start learning these essential conversational pieces.

You could buy some language learning software or CDs but I recommend searching for popular movies or books on tape that are in your language of interest. Play a short portion and try and understand as much as possible and then play it over and over again. As you do this mimic what each person says. Focus on pronunciation and accent. This will help you train your ear and help you get used to different vocal patterns and mouth movements that make speaking a different language difficult and intimidating. This will allow you to learn from natives and prepare for you to do the real thing.

4. LOOK FOR PATTERNS - When you start to learn more complex grammatical concepts you want to try and simplify every idea. You don't need to know the fine details or to be able to make a valid argument regarding the value of prepositions.

Conjugations - Especially in Latin languages there are patterns for every conjugation. Learn and memorize patterns of 5 verbs and then apply all of the same patterns to all of the other verbs that you learn. Some people will look at conjugations and feel overwhelmed and maybe even give up, but conjugations are simple if you take the time to learn and memorize the patterns that can be applied to all verbs.

Note: This principle is not perfect because there are exceptions and irregular verbs that do not follow the regular patterns, but looking for patterns is a very efficient tool.

Sounds - When you start focusing on Pronunciation again you want to look for patterns. Break each word into syllables and annunciate each one. Look for groups of letters that make specific sounds when grouped and then you will be able to recognize them in new words, large complex words. This will allow you to break the words down to smaller parts that are not as difficult to sound out. Once you do this start saying the word slowly focusing on each syllable. As you become comfortable begin saying the word at a normal speed. Don't fall into the pitfall of trying to say words at the speed a native would speak. This will only hurt you in the long run. Others will understand that you are learning and will appreciate the fact that you are speaking correctly and clearly. Remember the tortoise wins the race.

5. READ OUT LOUD - This is an essential step in learning to speak any language. This will allow you to use all of the previous mentioned techniques. I recommend starting with easy books like comics or books for 8 - 12 yr olds. These are great because they are not written to be difficult literary masterpieces and they are very conversational. Which is meets our goal of learning to speak the language in a natural setting.

First, keep a dictionary close by because you will most likely need to look up words. By reading out loud you will learn new vocabulary for specific situations and see how it is used in real life.
Secondly this is a great opportunity to speak the language. Practice reading the words slowly and clearly breaking them up into syllables if necessary. By reading out loud you will be able to get used to making the new sounds, using muscles in new ways that is associated with a new language without the pressure of having others around you.

Last, you will start to learn new words, recognize words you already know which will help you remember them, and you will learn new sayings and recognize patterns in the language.

Article submitted by: http://www.letutor.com/services/education.html

Aaron Kuroiwa is the Director of Le Tutor Language Services a Language Education provider. Aaron has been learning and teaching languages for 5 years and actively contributes to the language community. http://www.letutor.com

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Free Ebook for Download : Building Grammar Skills for TOEFL

2008-12-20T11:45:00.006+07:00

Table of Content

Grammar Point 1 Parts of the sentece

Grammar Point 2 "There is" vs "to have"

Grammar Point 3 Using modals verbs to make request

Grammar Point 4 introduction to prepositions

Grammar Point 5 Preposition of place

Grammar Point 6 Preposition of time

Grammar Point 7 Preposition of place and movement

Grammar Point 8 Various pairs

Grammar Point 9 Adjective

Grammar Point 10 Comparatives

Grammar Point 11 Order of adjectives

Grammar Point 12 Participle adjectives

Grammar Point 13 Words parts

Grammar Point 14 Adjective clauses

Grammar Point 15 Adjective clause reductions

Grammar Point 16 Equatives

Grammar Point 17 The superlatives

Grammar Point 18 Showing cause and effect with adjectives

Grammar Point 19 Verb tenses

Grammar Point 20 Regular verbs and link verbs

Grammar Point 21 Verbals gerunds and infinitives

Grammar Point 22 Causative verbs

Grammar Point 23 The passive Voice

Grammar Point 24 More participles as subjects and objects

Grammar Point 25 Adjective plus infinitives

Grammar Point 26 Modal auxiliary verbs

Grammar Point 27 Modal for advice

Grammar Point 28 Modals for necessity

Grammar Point 29 Prohibition vs choive

Grammar Point 30 Modal review

and more. Total grammar points are 61. for details this ebook can be downloaded here : Buiding_Grammar_Skills_for_TOEFL_IBT.pdf.

Benefits of Learning English through Online English Courses

2008-12-11T13:06:00.001+07:00

The English language has become a global phenomenon. Since it is the predominant language of the world, it is becoming increasingly imperative to understand, speak, and communicate in English fluently. The impact that the English language has had around the world has reached beyond communication and now shapes the values, beliefs, and ideas of many social, economic, or political philosophies and programs.

It is estimated that approximately 100,000 students come to the United States every year to learn English. Although the reasons vary that people desire to learn the English language, it is clear that English provides a wealth of economic activities that may not otherwise be possible. Many younger people understand that English is required if they want to succeed in the workforce. This one factor can help them if they will be dealing with International clients or desire to get a better job in their native country. Other people simply enjoy the concept of learning a new language and experiencing a different culture. Taking an English course is one of the first steps to mastering the English language. The following paragraphs will outline the benefits of learning English and the culture through online classes.

Although many colleges and universities offer ESL (English as a Second Language), it often requires the individual to obtain a student visa, apply and attend the university as a full-time student, not receive credit for the ESL coursework, live in a country where the culture and language are not familiar to them, and incur substantial fees related to the courses and living expenses.

Unlike other ways that are available, learning English online allows students the opportunity to comprehend and learn to speak the language at their own pace. If there is a particular section that is difficult, the student will be able to review the information without feeling the pressure of an upcoming exam. On the other hand, if something comes very naturally to them they can progress to the next stages of learning the English language.

Online English courses allow the same benefits as quality, well-taught traditional classroom methods. However, the costs of online English classes are kept to a minimum as the student can remain in his/her own country until they feel comfortable conversing in English. This reduces costs associated with relocating to another country and additional living expenses. Additionally, online English courses enable the student to continue with their daily lives (i.e. work, school, family, and social activities).

The final benefit of learning English through an Online English course is that you have a larger selection of courses and are able to select the curriculum that fits your learning style. When choosing to learn English online, the student is no longer limited to geographical preferences or being accepted into a major college or university. Furthermore, when choosing among Online English curriculum, you can decide what aspects you may find most valuable/interesting. Some of the attention-grabbing and valuable topics may include: places to visit, American Presidents, NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration), expressions and slang, English for children, American cuisine, and movies.

Being able to communicate in English has been proven beneficial for many people regardless of what profession or country they chose to live in. Understanding the concepts above will help you realize the value of online English courses as compared to traditional classroom methods of learning English.

Source: http://www.ArticlePros.com/author.php?Andrew Abrahamson, Ph.D.

Do you want to learn a new language?

2008-12-09T12:33:00.004+07:00

Learning a new language can be an enriching process that extends to your business life as well as your personal life. Whether you are trying to learn English as a second language or you are an English speaker looking to expand your communication skills with Spanish or French, you have many options available to help you achieve the results you want. What everyone wants to know is HOW to learn a new language.

Total immersion is the leading technique in language education. Total immersion is a method of surrounding people with a particular language so that an involuntary absorption of the language takes place. Teachers at all levels of education will recommend immersive visits to other cultures, but there are many options for you to learn a new language without traveling. Consider using online language learning tools to help you out. Online language learning tools range from simple translation dictionaries to interactive chats, verbal and textual. Many online translators are free, so consider finding a few to compliment your hard copy of a translation dictionary.

Browse blogs to find people who want to learn your language but only speak the language that you want to learn; mutually beneficial relationships like this will motivate you to keep learning as well as facilitate your education. A growing phenomenon in the language learning industry is quality educational software. Popular software products typically contain detailed flash cards that help you correlate images with new terms. Between the vocabulary builders and professional explanations of foreign grammar, software products are nearly indispensable if you are trying to learn a language without a teacher or tutor. A good software package will include audio for you to listen to while you do other activities listen to foreign conversation while driving, cleaning, or during your downtime to really boost your productivity. Talk to multi-lingual people to get an understanding and respect for their talent. It will motivate you to keep learning and very likely score you some advice.

Helpful language materials can come naturally: Foreign books are easy to obtain, especially if you make some foreign friends, and foreign TV can promote your total immersion as well as your enjoyment of a new language. Something as simple as popular foreign music can boost your comprehension. Someday you'll be watching movies that were never accessible to you before!

Author Profile: Stebee

When all is said and done the most effective way to learn a new language is to buy a tried and tested language learning software package

Tips To Learn English

2008-12-06T10:57:00.003+07:00

George Williams maintains many translator websites, including Free Translator, French Translator ,and Japanese Translator.

How to Learn English Like a Native English Speaker

2008-12-06T10:44:00.000+07:00

When young English children start school, they start off in beginning English classes. At this point they can speak the language and do make mistakes in pronouncing many words. They cannot, however, write the language. This is what you need to consider when you want to know how to learn English. Adult learners often have a hard time starting off with simple lessons and feel that they are missing out on something. You have to start at the beginning because in this regard you are like a child just learning the language.

Most adults are very fearful when they start learning English. They are afraid that they will make mistakes when they speak and write. Making mistakes is a part of learning so when you do make mistakes and someone corrects you, they are doing you a favour and helping you learn. It takes a lot of practice to learn English well and part of that learning process is making mistakes.

Whether or not you are attending school to help you learn English there are many other resources you can use on your own to aid your learning. This includes taking a free online English course where you have access to numerous resources. Lessons are available for all stages of learning and provide you with instruction, practice exercises and quizzes.

Listening is an essential aspect of learning any new language. You have to be able to hear native speakers so that you learn how to pronounce the words correctly. Even if you get listening exercises in class, listening to passages and conversations being read in the online courses gives you more exposure to the language. This is especially true if you are taking English lessons in your home country. By using the resources available online you increase your exposure to the language outside of class.

Online English lessons are free for anyone to use all over the world. Therefore, you can stay at home and learn English in this manner without the expense of travelling to an English speaking country. The best way to learn English is to immerse yourself in the language and you can do this through an online course. Read books and listen to conversations. Record yourself reading the same text and compare how well you are doing. It won’t be long before you are able to read along just as well as the native speaker in the course.

Set a schedule for your study routine and stick to it. Each of your study sessions should include the four aspects of the language ?listening, speaking, reading and writing. This helps to vary the routine so that you are not always doing the same thing. If, for example, you set aside one hour a day for learning English you can devote 15 minutes to each of these aspects of the language. Don’t overlook games when learning English because these can really help you increase your vocabulary. Listening to English songs is another way of learning the language, especially if you start off with music for children where all the words are pronounced clearly.

Although you will have access to English books on the site you choose, you can also order books in English from many online sites. Start with children books to help you increase your knowledge of the language because these books have pictures as well as words and this will enhance your comprehension of the text.

You can find the answer to the question how to learn English at visit http://www.1-Language.com This site is a great place to learn English for free learn the English language.
and offers lots of ways to

This article is free for republishing
Source: http://www.articlealley.com/article_664683_22.html

Best Way to Learn English Online

2008-12-01T08:43:00.002+07:00

With the many Internet sites offering free instruction in English, there is a world of opportunity to help you learn English on line. You can browse the sites to find the one that is best for you or use several sites in combination with each other to take full advantage of all the possibilities. You do have to start off by learning the English alphabet and the sounds associated with each letter. This is how English speaking children start their learning. Once you know the alphabet, then you can start combining letters and sounds to make words and sentences.

Many of the on line sites for learning English assume that you already have this knowledge. You do need to look for one that offers this basic instruction before you move into lessons about grammar. It is essential in your search for an online English learning site that you choose a site that has listening, speaking, reading and writing instruction. These four aspects of the language work together and help you become fluent in the language.

There are on line sites designed for children as well as adults. Even the adult sites contain games to enhance the learning and the importance of playing games should not be overlooked. They make learning fun and while playing the games you do gain very important information about English vocabulary and word usage. Songs, too, are important. Music is a universal language and once you find a catchy tune and learn the words, you will find yourself singing this song while you are engaged in some other activity in your daily life.

Listen to English speakers as much as possible. This means watching television in English that has subtitles, so that you can understand what the characters are saying. Listening exercise offered on the on line site are very beneficial in that they give you an opportunity to listen to native English speakers. In this way you get the proper pronunciation of the words and you can practice any words with which you are having difficulty.

When you take online lessons, you can set your own schedule. You can review the lessons as often as you need to and take and retake the quizzes until you feel comfortable that you know the concept inside out. With learning any language, the important thing is that you learn to think in that language. At first you will find yourself translating the English into your own language, but as you proceed in your lessons this will start to decrease and you will find yourself thinking in English more and more.

In order to study at a college or university in an English speaking country, you will have to write an essay and pass the TOEIC or TOEFL exam. When you take an online course, you will get help with both of these and be able to succeed in your endeavours. For help with the exams, for example, there are practice tests and you get your score right away so that you can go back and review the questions you got wrong.

If you want to learn English online you should visit http://www.1-Language.com the best site for English learning and online English courses.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Ling_L._Tong

5 Ways on How to Prepare for a Construction Job Interview

2008-11-28T21:02:00.001+07:00

Preparing for a job interview is just like when you’re going to your own ball: you have to look ready, well dresseds and groomed, and more than eager to begin the challenge.

However, the feeling of going through a very rigorous process of the construction recruitment department can sometimes be overwhelming that, in the end, you end up not fit for what could have been the ultimate job for you.

Here are 5 techniques on how to come prepared during your construction job interview:

1. Make sure that you know what you are applying for. There are plenty of construction industry jobs in Basel, for example, that are available, and you have to pick the ones that you think you are qualified for. For example, if you have been fixing pipes for a very long time, or you’ve earned your own home construction certificate or degree, you can be one of the plumbers. When your chosen position fits your experience and your education, you have better chances of getting hired for Basel jobs.

2. Study the company that you want to work with. You may have the experience and the education, but construction companies that offer jobs in Basel these days are more after for your contribution. You will never really know what you can possibly offer to them if you don’t study the company. You can read their vision and mission, as well as their products and services offered. You can then complement your knowledge and your expertise to what you’ve learned. Keep in mind that you can show your worthiness to them during your job interview.

3. Dress to kill. Regardless of the jobs, Basel construction companies still put more points on people who dress to impress. This isn’t done to show off. This is to show to them that you’re a respectable and professional person. Men can wear polo shirts and long pants, while women can don on long-sleeved blouses and black skirts. Don’t forget to look good during your job interview. People would want to work with those who are well groomed.

4. Bring the necessary papers with you. When you’re applying for any building jobs, Basel companies specializing in construction will be an easy entry if you can bring all your requirements with you. These may include your resume, cover letter, professional ID photos, transcripts of records, or certificates that will tell of your experience and your expertise. They may come in handy when the general manager suddenly forgets his own copy of your application letter, when you’re hired on the spot, or when you need to back up your claims.

5. Answer questions honestly. Honesty is and will always be the best policy. Rather than putting your best foot forward, make sure that you can be candid, upfront, and sincere with your answers. Keep in mind that builder jobs in Basel are no joke, and these companies are definitely looking for someone who can handle a number of people, manage projects effectively, and coordinate with the management. You might as well make sure that you’re more than prepared to conquer all the challenges of Basel jobs through your honest answers.

You think you’re ready for that interview for one of the posted jobs Basel? Find out if you have what it takes by checking out Basel Jobs.

Article source : www.freearticledirectory.co.uk

Learning A Foreign Language Will Open A Window To The World

2008-11-26T20:33:00.002+07:00

If you've ever had the urge to travel around the world, visiting exotic places, and ordering authentic local cuisine, then you've probably considered the fact that it might help if you were able to speak the language. Even if only to read the menu at your favorite French Bistro or Italian Restaurant, it is amazing how much more of the menu you will understand simply by learning a few key phrases in a foreign language.

Learning a new language is almost always a thrilling prospect, even better when you can learn a new language for free. In fact, at this price why on earth would anyone stop at just one language? Many of these online language programs are not intended to work as a sole source of language education, but when used in conjunction with other language learning programs can produce amazing results.

If you use the flash cards and matching games that are available on this site, you will be speaking your new language like a native in no time, better yet, you will understand it like a native as well. Have you ever envied those that speak several languages with as much familiarity as their own mother tongues? Be jealous no longer. Apply these lessons, study diligently and you will notice a significant improvement in your vocabulary.

Learn an Arabic language conversation free with lessons online. In fact, learn a few. Take a look at the free online "Learn Spanish Video" and see how many new words you can learn in a short period of time. Take lessons with a friend and have competitions to see who has learned the most new words. Playing games is a great way to learn and still have fun being competitive with one another.

Remember though that the overall goal is learning a new language. Whether your goals are Russian, Hungarian, English, French, or some obscure tribal language on the moon, you might be surprised at the selection available. You can even use this program to help you avoid the syntax errors in English second language learners. This will make an incredible difference in how you are accepted globally as well as corporately.

There are several sites out there that deal with teaching a foreign language and you're bound to find something suitable for your needs even after a few minutes of electronic surfing. Although most will focus on popular languages such as English, French, German, Spanish, Russian, Italian or Portuguese, other "smaller" languages are not left out in the cold either. Regardless of what language you're aiming for, chances are that you can find a site that covers it and offers some learning courses for it.

Source: Free Articles

Increase your foreign language vocabulary at http://www.InternetPolyglot.com by playing online games. The site contains thousands of lessons in different languages from English, Spanish, French, Russian to Hindi, Turkish, Ukrainian and many others.

Taking On TOEFL : IELTS The Uphill Challenge

2008-11-24T10:32:00.004+07:00

For years, students from around the world have needed two things to be admitted and enroll at American colleges: a visa and an acceptable TOEFL score.

Now TOEFL is also getting competition, and the competition has set off debates at American colleges over the best way to measure students’ English competency, the obligations of American colleges to students from the poorest parts of the world, and the changing nature of international recruiting.

TOEFL and IELTS are now the two major non-native applicants’ examinations for testing English Language capabilities. IELTS is administered by International English Language Testing Service, whereas TOEFL distributed as the Test of English as a Foreign Language. Both the tests are taken for similar purposes, but stand poles apart.

IELTS has long been the dominant test for students from non-English speaking countries seeking to enroll in English-speaking nations of the British Commonwealth. But in the last three years, IELTS has quietly become a force in the United States as well, where the number of colleges accepting IELTS on equal footing with TOEFL has doubled, to more than 800.

“These two are really going head to head, and that’s going to benefit the consumer,” said Julia Funaki, associate director of international education services at the American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers.

The applicants of both these tests TOEFL and IELTS are in constant debate with respect to identifying, which test is best amongst the two and which test is easier. The major similarities between TOEFL and IELTS are that both test the listening, writing and reading skills of the applicant. The IELTS has one additional element speaking, whereas TOEFL tests the written phrase from viewpoint of error recognition and the sentence completion.

While partisans of the two tests point to their differences, they actually have a lot in common. Both are “four skills” exams (reading, writing, listening, speaking). Both are offered all over the world. In terms of language, IELTS tests “international English,” and passages in the test are intentionally a mix of styles of what might be used at universities in Australia, Britain, Canada and the United States.

The most notable difference in the tests may be the way speaking is judged. IELTS uses a live, face-to-face interview with the test taker, while ETS has students taking the TOEFL speak into a microphone for analysis by a panel of test reviewers later.

“Live, face-to-face speaking is more authentic,” said Beryl Meiron, executive director of IELTS International, the United States branch of the organization. She noted that examiners must undergo extensive training and that years of using the system have enabled the organization to be certain that grading is appropriately rigorous.

“You really need to be able to manipulate the language well to do well on our test,” Meiron said.

IELTS is considered to be more difficult than TOEFL by the applicants owing to the speaking module. The speaking module of IELTS necessitates the applicants to take part in an official interview facing an examiner.

In spite of a status of US residency, TOEFL examination has to be given by every student having secondary schooling outside the country of United States, where the principal language is not English. Taking this fact into consideration, the Enoch Olinga College (ENOCIS) has launched a Basic English program for the Spanish speaking applicants. ENOCIS’ new education strategy has received such a resounding acceptance from students of Latin America that the Enoch Olinga College found it necessary to establish representatives for admissions in more than 20 countries of Caribbean and Latin America. This ENOCIS step aims to increase student satisfaction by providing more personal attention.

Dissimilarities between TOEFL and IELTS:

The major difference between the TOEFL and IELTS are listed below:

• IELTS makes use of band scores based on the band scales, with every band equating a varied English aptitude. The IELTS band scores are in terms of whole or the half bands and are given equated to every one of the 4 skill modules. These are later averaged into one band score of IELTS. The band score of IELTS is based on 0 to 9 scale. 9 score is given to an expert applicant, whereas 0 is bestowed upon the applicant filling out the form and not attempting the examination.

• TOEFL on the other hand delegates numerical scores similar to an SAT test, for every skill area. Later, it calculates the grand total, the end result arrived at defines the English proficiency level of an applicant.

• TOEFL incorporates both the computer and pencil version of testing, out of which computer based testing (CBT) is available on few test sites. IELTS on the other hand is still in the process of creating computerized version of the test. As of now, IELTS doesn’t use computer testing and that makes the non speaking testing to aspect of the exam weaker than TOEFL, since it is very hard to accurately test language skills without technological support.

Carol Lynch, the former graduate dean at the University of Colorado at Boulder and now a senior scholar at the Council of Graduate Schools, said that she followed the development of the TOEFL speaking test as an advisory board member for that test. She said the TOEFL speaking test is more comprehensive and consistent, which is vital for a speaking test to be reliable. The speaking test is a new addition to TOEFL, and Lynch called it a “wonderful addition,” designed very specifically to meet the demands of college admissions officers.

ENOCIS Aids in Comprehensive TOEFL Preparation:

The preparatory program of ENOCIS for the TOEFL applicants includes chat rooms, in order to practice the basic skills of English language, a pre-examination program of TOEFL and preparatory programs of English language are being designed in Chinese and Vietnamese. ENOCIS strives to equip students with lifelong leadership and learning skills through basic language preparation. The academic programs of ENOCIS can be accessed throughout the world at convenience. ENOCIS has created a set of English preparatory lessons, in order to assist the students in preparing the TOEFL examination.

Exchangeability of TOEFL and IELTS:

Previously foreign students to be admitted into Western Universities had to compulsorily pass the TOEFL test, in order to get numerical ratings of English language proficiency. Applicants or non-native learners seeking admission for the UK, Canada and Australian universities were required to successfully pass the IELTS test. Now sizable numbers of American universities are also accepting the band scores of IELTS, for judging the applicants of English language abilities. TOEFL and IELTS have now become interchangeable over the last few years. The main reason behind this can be IELTS gaining a more respected and steady status of examination, owing to its structure considered to be more difficult than TOEFL.

Robert Watkins, assistant director of admissions for graduate and international admissions at the University of Texas at Austin, said that there has been a “perception issue” on TOEFL’s cost because it did not have differential pricing. Watkins is a member of TOEFL’s advisory board and believes his university probably receives more TOEFL score reports than any other institution. He thinks TOEFL is a “slightly better” test, but Texas started accepting IELTS scores two years ago — after the university conducted extensive tests on IELTS. “We think it’s a good test,” he said.

Cost comparisons are not as easy to make as one would think. Both testing entities claim that their test is less expensive, said Mari Pearlman, senior vice president of the higher education division at ETS .. Before TOEFL went to differential testing, it was still less expensive on average than IELTS. The issue is important because a price difference of $20 — which might seem like small change in the context of college costs in the United States — is a huge sum to a student in a developing nation trying to figure out if she will be able to gain admission to an American college.

IELTS posts its prices in local currency while TOEFL prices are posted in U.S. dollars. Converting IELTS fees to TOEFL prices in developing nations finds many where prices are within $10, but where IELTS had an edge until TOELF introduced differential pricing. In many developing nations.

Watkins and others said that a big part of the context for the growing IELTS interest is the changing nature of competition for international students. Post-9/11, many American universities struggled to maintain their international enrollment levels as visa regulations became more strict at the same time that many other countries’ universities — some of them in IELTS strongholds — started to step up recruitment of the best foreign talent.

As the the Enoch Olinga College (ENOCIS) is designed to professionally and efficiently address the needs of the underserved peoples of the world, the college looks favorably upon the newly competitive flexible pricing structure which puts education within the financial capability of students whom otherwise might not have the opportunity to be educated to their fullest ability.

David W Morris is an international development specialist with The Enoch Olinga College (ENOCIS) and author of several publications on socio economic development. David is a regular contributor to online article sites on the topics of on line education, underserved peoples, scholarship and educational excellence, continuing education programs and on line TOEFL and language development. David W Morris is also a successful online adviser of ranking blog site http://www.enocis.blogspot.com
Published At: www.Isnare.com

Free Ebook for Download : Getting Ready for the TOEIC Test

2008-11-19T19:32:00.006+07:00

EBook Contains:

I. Overview of the TOEIC

TOEIC is an acronym that stands for the Test of English for International Communication.. It was developed by Educational Testing Service (ETS) of Princeton, New Jersey, a non profit organization that administers other examinations such us TOEFL and GRE. The TOEIC test is an English language proficiency test for people whose first language is not English. It is specifically designed for the Assessment of English as it is used in the global workplace, with over 1.5 million tests administered each year.

II. Tips for taking multiple-choice test

Effective test-taking strategies are especially important with multiple-choice questions found on language test such us the TOEFL and TOEIC. These types of questions often include clues that may help you identify the correct answer. You may be able to improve your performance on such test bay considering the following tips.

III. Improving your listening comprehension

The ability to listen well gives you confidence in communication. You can only talk sensibly when you can understand what is said to you. Failing that, you may miss important information presented to you, or respond in unintended way. Listening in everyday life is real-time skill. Unlike reading, you often don’t have the chance to adjust the pace of speech, listen again, or check an unknown word. The need to understand what you hear on the spot makes it even more crucial that you develop the ability to listen well. The TOEIC test is an excellent measure of just how far advanced your listening ability.

IV. Tips for part I-photographs

This part of the TOEIC test contains twenty questions with four answer choice for each one. In the part I of the TOEIC test writers will use the following tricks to try to confuse you and make the selection of the correct answer more difficult.

V. The importance of learning phrasal verbs

The term “phrasal verb” refers to a verb + preposition structure and is sometimes called a two-word verb or three-word verb. A phrasal verb has a special meaning that is different from the meaning of the individual words that it is composed of.

VI. How to study vocabulary for the TOEIC Test

The following are some useful techniques examinees can use for expanding their TOEIC-related vocabulary base. Vocabulary learning tips :

1. Red, read, read

2. Improve your context skills

3. Practice, practice, practice

4. More ……

VII. How to read faster

Read more efficiently by reading intelligently!

Strategy 1: Know what you want to know

Strategy 2: Use speed-reading techniques

Strategy 3: Active reading

Strategy 4: How to study different sorts of material

Strategy 5: Using glossaries with technical documents

For more detail you can download in here: Getting Ready for the TOEIC Test.pdf

How to Score High on English TOEIC, TOEFL, IELTS, Cambridge Tests

2008-11-19T17:56:00.002+07:00

Score HIGH on NEW English Tests

Why international students fail English tests

Students fail because they do not understand the test requirements.

Students fail because they underestimate the large volume of work necessary to pass.

Students fail because they have limited English vocabulary.

Students fail because some English skills are not practiced.

Students fail because they rely on "secret tips" rather than real skill.

Students fail because they cram for tests and become confused.

Students fail because they become upset and cannot perform.

How international students can SCORE HIGH on NEW English tests.

First step in your plan to score high on a specific English test is to understand the test requirements. Is the test a written test only? Do you have to read a text? Do you have to listen to a conversation on tape? How much speaking is required? What type of questions will be asked? What type of answers are required? Students must understand how the English information is presented, what English skills are being tested, and how answers must be submitted.

Second step is to understand the volume of advanced English skills and vocabulary required to score high on these tests. Students must have studied and practiced English for 2500 to 5000 hours counting school classes and self study.

Students require a vocabulary of between 8,000 and 15,000 words to score high on the new TOEFL, TOEIC, AP, IELTS and Cambridge tests.

To score high students require all four English skills (reading, writing, speaking, listening), technical language structure knowledge (grammar) and the application of the grammar knowledge in the active productions of speaking and writing.

The "secret tips" of using specific words that have a higher percentage of occurrence in the correct answers may give you the opportunity to raise your score from 0 to 1 %. If your vocabulary is less than 8000 words or your listening skills or writing less than advanced then you will still fail despite using all the "secret tips" or "secret vocabulary indicating correct answers".

Everyone knows that cramming helps memorizing facts for a short time but does very little for the practice of the application skills. All new English tests are a combination of facts and the application of English skills including technical grammar knowledge. Students who only cram for tests will fail most of the new tests as answers require the application of English grammar skills. The students who cram can only help some of their factual knowledge if they can remember it perfectly. I have never met a student who can remember crammed English facts correctly.

Students become upset when they read questions they cannot answer, questions they cannot understand, words they do not know the meaning of, or "secret words" that occur in two or more answers.

Remember students that are prepared have less chance of becoming upset. Students that are rested, relaxed and arrive on time at the test site will score higher on the tests.

What English Should I study to PASS English Tests?

Diagram showing the overlap between the English concentrations

There is only one English language.

There are a variety of programs and courses that overlap each other. Many business English courses cover 90% of what students require to pass the TOEIC exam. Many advanced English courses cover 90 % of what is required to pass TOEFL, TOEIC, AP, IELTS and other English tests.

Many Toeic, toefl, IELTS courses only provide practice tests without teaching any vocabulary the four English skills and applied grammar practice. Students must create a plan to increase all applied English skills, vocabulary and become comfortable with the test requirements and answer formats.

Students can take combinations of programs and still pass tests.

For example: Advanced students could take 100 hours of business English, 200 hours of academic preparation and 10 hours of toefl and score high on the new Toefl test . The only secret is to have a balance of applied English skills and factual knowledge. The following is an example of a balanced study program.

EXAMPLE PLAN TO PASS ENGLISH TESTS

20% vocabulary

15% grammar comprehension

15% reading comprehension

15% listening comprehension

15% writing skills, short answer and essay

15% speaking skills

5% practicing test formats

Teaching Since 1974

To contact Author: Ross (at) eslincanada (dot) com

Full Article: http://www.eslincanada.ca/passtests.html

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Ross_Mcbride

The Next Step in TOEIC Preparation

2008-11-19T09:03:00.002+07:00

The idea of focused training has entered the arena of the TOEIC Test. OnlineEnglish have captured the market by applying focused training techniques to business English language training with special concentration on preparation for the TOEIC test.

See your level - See where you need to learn - See your progress - See your Improvement - Know when your ready for the test. This is the motto of OnlineEnglish, but how?

Training on the website is unique and commences with a TOEIC estimate test. The test has been developed and tested over 3 years and is designed to analyze a person's English proficiency related to the TOEIC test. The results of the estimate test are shown graphically on what OnlineEnglish call "the performance monitor"

The performance monitor shows students a graph of their ability for each question type in the TOEIC test. From this information a student can see instantly where they need to improve. Students can then train and improve by completing hundreds of TOEIC exercises grouped understandably into question type categories. Naturally this focused training provides faster improvement results than just broad training techniques.

As students complete the exercises, they can always see their progress and moreover, they will be able to see an estimate of their improvement. Completion of the estimate test after a period of training will show the student what score they could possibly get the in real TOEIC Test, so they know when they have a good chance of getting the score they need.

Naturally, geared for the TOEIC, the website also offers many tips and gives advice not only on the questions and how a person is being tested, but also what to expect when attending a test sitting and what to expect in respect to general administration.

But there is much more to TOEIC and business English than just repeatedly completing TOEIC questions, something that many have forgotten. For this reason, at OnlineEnglish students will find a comprehensive English grammar and vocabulary area. This area supports training and helps participants develop their Basic English skills.

But what is the use of knowledge if a person cannot use the language? Language use comes from practice and OnlineEnglish have recognized this as well. Students will find additional exercise areas developed to improve listening comprehension; the identification of information in talks, discussions and conversations, including exercises for speaking and pronunciation.

The most recent addition to these supplementary training areas is the addition of a very unique sentence practice exercise. Students can copy and paste texts from newspapers and magazines into the exercise and it will automatically create a challenging missing word exercise, allowing the student to further improve vocabulary, grammar and sentence structure.

With all these unique features, one may feel that nothing else can be added, but for OnlineEnglish it doesn't stop. "One must appreciate the times and pressures of the test as well as what is expected. One must have the opportunity to plan their test approach and not be disadvantaged for a true measurement of English level to occur" says the creator of OnlineEnglish.

For this reason, students will also find a full 2 hour simulated TOEIC test that they can complete. The test is based upon the real test and really gives students "the feel" they need to overcome any disadvantages.

The story goes on because the training website is far from passive as every student will get the support privately by email from a qualified TOEIC trainer and authorized TOEIC administrator.

To finalize our look at this unique TOEIC training and preparation area, students will receive weekly emails with information, examples, interesting comments and homework.

Continually updated, OnlineEnglish put the true meaning back into the word TOEIC Preparation.

http://www.onlineenglish.eu

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Robert_P_Phipps

Why I Like the English Language

2008-11-15T18:18:00.002+07:00

I really like the English language. I've been speaking it all my life, but it's not until I became an English teacher, teaching English as a foreign language, that I really started to understand how it functions and to appreciate both its richness and its versatility.

I believe that, at an elementary level, English is easier to learn than some other languages. A beginner can form good basic sentences without knowing a lot of complex grammatical forms. English verbs don't have many different endings to memorize before one can express the simplest of thoughts.

Another strong point is that English does not, as a rule, have masculine and feminine nouns and there are no changing forms for adjectives to slow a learner down. For instance, in French you must memorize a number of verb endings and match adjectives to nouns before you can verbalize even the simplest ideas, but a novice does not need to study English for long before being able to construct good basic sentences.

English has a mix of vocabulary with Germanic roots and vocabulary with Latin or French roots, allowing speakers of numerous European languages to recognize and understand many English words. Although sometimes the meanings are no longer the same in the two languages, they are often still similar enough to serve as an aid to comprehension and to help a learner get the gist of texts.

Once English learners have reached a more advanced level, they become exposed to additional structures that reveal some unexpected complexities in the language. For example, the uses of the present perfect tense can be quite confusing. On the other hand, English verb forms allow for a wonderful element of subjectivity and point of view in expressing attitudes towards events. Consider "I've just lost my glasses" and "I lost my glasses an hour ago." Both are fine, but your choice of one or the other reflects your attitude toward the situation. Do you want to emphasize the consequence of losing your glasses? If so, then choose the former, the present perfect tense. If you prefer to focus on when the glasses were lost, then use the latter, the past simple tense.

English can be wonderfully expressive. Because it has accumulated vocabulary from many different languages, there are far more words to choose from than some other languages offer. You can discuss a topic at length without ever repeating yourself or overusing a specific word. You can choose from an array of words with similar meanings to find the most perfect match in meaning and connotation to suit the thought that you want to express.

Sure, you can simply walk down the street, but you can also stroll, march, amble, trot, mosey, shuffle, skip, run, race, promenade, lope, slink, fly, zip, crawl, gallop, whiz, zoom, or careen down the street. A cursory glance reveals that the English section of my bilingual dictionary is considerably larger than the French portion. The enormity of English vocabulary allows for precision and economy of expression. Ideas and instructions can be concisely stated. When viewing multilingual signs and equipment usage manuals, the English version is frequently shorter than that of many other languages. To take a simple example, in French it takes four words, "sautez a cloche pied," to express what English does in just three letters: "hop."

English easily absorbs new words from other languages and cultures. Just think of "salsa," "smorgasbord," "taboo," "wampum," and "pajamas," for starters. When necessary, English also seems to revel in inventing entirely new lexicons of words, such as for new technologies like the Internet. Internet is full of colorful and amusing imagery from "the web" to "spidering" and "click on the mouse," let alone such silly sounding words as "googling," "blogging," and "WIKI." It is a riotously "living" language and this flexibility has helped English become such a widely used international language.

I also love English because colorful wordings and vivid imagery abound in both old and new expressions. I picture tall sailing ships and Errol Flynn films when I hear someone say, "She passed her exam with flying colors." Think of other expressions, too, such as "That makes my skin crawl," "It sent shivers up and down my spine," "He's got his head in the clouds," "She's full of get up and go," and "They're head over heels in love."

English even has a strong sense of whimsy, and so lends itself to delightful combinations of alliterative phrasings like "the whole kit and caboodle," or "footloose and fancy-free." It's also chock full of amusing words that are especially for children. Think of "choo-choo train," "puppy dog," "kitty cat," or "do the hokey pokey." Fun-loving authors have added to the festivities by feeling free to invent their own words, just for the pleasing sound of them, from Edward Lear's "Dong with the Luminous Nose" to Dr. Seuss's "Sneeches with stars on thars." J. K. Rowling has invented an entire vocabulary of her own to use in the magical world that she has created for Harry Potter. The so-called "language of Shakespeare" has contributed much literature and poetry to the world, plus other beautiful expressions of thoughts through the abstraction of words. As someone who writes stories for children, I'm also fond of simple jingles and fun forms such as Mother Goose rhymes.

Now that I'm an English teacher, I try to unlock many of the mysteries of the English language for students who have other languages as their mother tongues. In doing so, I've taken a much closer look at the language myself, in all of its complexities and inconsistencies, all of its rules and abundance of exceptions to its own rules, in its enormous vocabulary and subtleties in shades of meanings. Whenever possible, I try to give my students the logic behind the grammar, so that they can gain a deeper understanding of the thought processes behind our many ways of looking at time, rather than just have students randomly memorize rules.

To put English into perspective and make allowances for its many idiosyncracies, I try to briefly explain the history of English and the many historical influences that have affected it, from a series of early invasions of the British Isles, by people such as the Romans, Saxons, Vikings, and Normans, to later British Empire building around the world, and then to America's melting pot of cultures and languages from the world over. With each new group has come an infusion of new vocabulary. Some element of comprehension of that historical perspective can explain to students both the richness of expression and vocabulary that English possesses, plus the maddening inconsistencies in English spelling and pronunciation. I'm no authority on other languages and I'm not saying that English is the best language in the world but, as I've taught English to others over the years, my own appreciation of it has grown immeasurably and I've really come to love it.

About the Author/Author Bio

Barbara Freedman-De Vito is an American TEFL (Teaching English as a Foreign Language) certified English teacher who teaches live English classes over the Internet, via Skype. She also teaches English lessons by telephone and does face-to-face teaching in the Paris, France area. In addition, she creates amusing TEFL T-shirts and other clothing designs with a TEFL or other educational focus for English teachers and students around the world. Learn more at: TEFL T-Shirts, Clothing and Gifts, Plus Online English Lessons Article Source:http://www.articlesphere.com/Article/Why-I-Like-the-English-Language/134470

Ebook for Free Download : English as a global language

2008-11-14T11:42:00.006+07:00

David Crystal, world authority on the English language, presents a lively and factual account of the rise of English as a global language and explores the whys and wherefores of the history, current status and future potential of English as the international language of communication. English has been lauded as the most ‘successful’ language ever, with 1,500 million speakers worldwide; but Crystal avoids taking sides and tells the story in a measured but engaging way, backed by facts and figures. This new edition of his classic book contains extra sections (on subjects including the linguistic features of New Englishes, the future of English asa world language, and the possibility of an English ‘family’ of languages), footnotes and a full bibliography. There are updates throughout. This is a book for anyone of any nationality concerned with English: teachers, students, language professionals, politicians, general readers and anyone with a love of the language.

DAVID CRYSTAL is one of the world’s foremost authorities on language. He is author of the hugely successful Cambridge encyclopedia of language (1987; second edition 1997), Cambridge encyclopedia of the English language (1995), Language death (2000), Language and the Internet (2001) and Shakespeare’s words (2002, with Ben Crystal). An internationally renowned writer, journal editor, lecturer and broadcaster, he received an OBE in 1995for his services to the study and teaching of the English language.....

For more details, download here

Learning Basic English Is Easy

2008-11-10T12:09:00.002+07:00

English has become the international language of business and will remain so for the foreseeable future. Whether it’s a German project manager dealing with a French auto parts manufacturer or a Chinese software developer advising a Mexican medical center the intermediary language is English. So why exactly has English taken front stage when there are so many other languages spoken by a much greater number of people over much vaster regions?

The answer lies in the in the simplicity of the grammatical structure of the English language at its most basic level. Unlike most other languages English doesn’t use the genitive case for definitive articles. This means that every “thing” in English uses the pronoun “it” and the definite article “the”. In many other languages an object can be masculine, feminine or neutral and the gender of the object can affect the whole sentence. It can also change the endings of pronouns which can make learning the basics a little confusing. The same problems apply to adjectives, adverbs and then add pronunciation to the equation to top it off. And this is only dealing with European languages which stem from Latin, Greek and near eastern roots. When one looks Chinese, Japanese, Arabic etc. then one can appreciate the difficulty of learning even the most basic structures of these languages.

Of course, there are also political, historical and economical reasons for English being the most used language when it comes to modern business but the fact that it is easy to get a grasp of Basic English has to be the most appealing advantage for non native speakers of English. Ironically, it is communication between the native English speaker and the non-native English speaker that tends to create the most problems. The reason for this is the tendency of the native English speaker to slip into colloquial speech, slang, idiomatic language, speak too quickly or a simple matter of harsh regional accents. But when two or more non-native English speakers communicate in Basic English it usually works out fine because nobody is out to impress and the ultimate goal is to simply understand and respond at a simple level. This is not to say that English doesn’t have complexities, in fact at higher levels it can be just as difficult as any other language but as long as a learner uses the famous K.I.S.S. technique (Keep It Short And Simple) it is definitely the easiest language for global communication.

Nigel Nix has been teaching business English in Germany for 9 years. Learn English Quickly
Article Source: http://www.articlesphere.com/Article/Learning-Basic-English-Is-Easy/150437

How to Easily Learn a New Language

2008-11-04T17:22:00.003+07:00

Learning any new foreign language is a challenge. So how do you make it quick and easy? What is the best way for you to learn a new language? Well....

Foreign language

Countless foreign languages are spoken all over the world. Of course, the most commonly spoken language in the United States is English, with 82 per cent of the population speaking English as their native language. English is the common language of business and everyday life. Close behind English as the second most popular language in the United States is Spanish. Approximately 12 per cent of Americans speak Spanish as either their first or second language. However, on the whole, Americans do not speak enough foreign languages. Approximately 370 million people speak English as their native language; whereas, approximately 1.5 billion people all over the globe speak English as a second language. English speakers are focused in the business and tourism industries, so Americans can usually get by. But in an increasingly globalized world, learning to speak a foreign language can take your connections to a higher level.

The benefits of learning a foreign language

There are a lot of advantages to be gained by being able to read and converse in a foreign language, both practical and fun. From a more practical perspective, it is quite important to know how to deal with others in their own language so you can network with people from all over the world. From a more fun perspective, whole new cultural worlds are opened up to you when you learn a foreign language. After all, learning the foreign language that underpins a foreign culture is often the only way to truly experience what it is like to be a part of that culture.

It is obvious that learning a foreign language can be an amazing, and challenging, experience. The challenge is what makes it so much fun; you will get a real sense of accomplishment the first time you speak a whole sentence, the first time you read a newspaper in a foreign language, the first time you converse with a native speaker.

Learning a foreign language

The very best way to learn a foreign language is likely already not a possibility – start young. In order to be completely fluent, to treat the language like a native speaker would, it is usually important to learn the foreign language from a very early age, the younger the better. If this is no longer an option, you can still succeed with formal or even informal lessons. Some people have an amazing capacity to pick up foreign languages just by immersing themselves in the foreign culture. No matter what you do to learn a foreign language, the key is practice and repetition. Try to use the foreign language as much as possible and speak to native speakers of the foreign language as much as possible. Things will also be easier if you pick a foreign language that is related to a language you already know. If you know English, for example, you will be able pretty easily to pick up the general idea of a story in a French newspaper. If you look at a newspaper written in Thai, however, you would likely not even know where to begin – of course, for some people that just makes the challenge more fun!

Steve Dolan is a European who has travelled extensively across Europe and understands the value of languages. Find out how to learn a new language quickly and easily at http://www.foreignlanguageslive.com Learn a Foreign Language and for Spanish try http://www.foreignlanguageslive.com/learnspanish Learn Spanish

Article Source: www.article99.com/view-authors/track.php?bio=7461&author=Steve-Dolan

Better Reading Fluency Results In Better Reading Comprehension

2008-11-03T19:58:00.003+07:00

Reading fluency is the ability to read quickly and accurately. A person with good reading fluency is able to comprehend more because they instantly group and recognize words.

Doing this instantly frees up the brain for comprehending what is actually being read. Good reading fluency will help people learn more and excel at school or on the job. It is common for people to struggle with reading fluency. There are, however, specific training programs that allow an individual to strengthen their reading fluency. An individual struggling with reading fluency can be extremely frustrated with learning because they have to spend extra time trying to understand what they are reading. This can negatively impact people in a school or professional work setting. When a person struggling with reading fluency reads out loud their reading will typically be slow, choppy, and without natural expression.

Besides having difficulty reading aloud an individual who struggles with reading fluency may also notice that they identify words in a list well, but they can't read the same words fluently in a phrase. It is vital that you help students move from word recognition in isolation to reading fluency in context. This can be accomplished with the proper testing, training, and practice.

The National Institute for Literacy said on their website that, "Repeated and monitored oral reading improves reading fluency and overall reading achievement." This is one of the two steps researched by the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). The second step they found for improved reading fluency is silent reading done independently by the students. Practice is one of the key factors to an improvement in reading fluency.

The NAEP has also laid out their definition of reading fluency. They define it as: "the ease or 'naturalness' of reading."
In 1995 the NAEP found that 44% of United States fourth graders were on the lower end of the fluency scale. The study also confirmed that reading fluency and reading comprehension are directly related to each other. It has been proven that many American classrooms neglect to teach or train students to become more fluent readers. This in turn affects student's reading comprehension in the present and carries over later in life.

To help your child or a loved one become a more fluent reader it is important to have them take a simple reading fluency test at a quality learning training center. This test will help you understand their strengths and weaknesses on the reading fluency scale. After the test the learning training center can put together a plan of action for helping to improve the reading fluency. This includes having your child receive professional feedback on their reading. This training process has proven to help improve reading fluency for a lifetime.

LearningRx is a child and adult learning center which provides cognitive skills testing to help individuals pinpoint the causes of their learning disabilities. They provide proven programs to increase reading fluency. To take a self-screening test visit www.learningrx.com.

Article Source: www.article99.com/view-authors/track.php?bio=6042&author=Ken-Gibson

Why Learn to Speak Foreign Languages

2008-11-01T18:20:00.002+07:00

Why should we learn another language? Today when the whole world is becoming English-speaking, I don’t see any reasons for learning languages other than English. We can go anywhere in the world and communicate in English with the locals, but knowing foreign languages will take people a step forward in global communication, and it will open more opportunities in their lives. Imagine if you meet your soul mate, and you can’t understand each other because of the language barrier. Therefore, speaking more than one language is a great advantage.

First, speaking foreign languages is a great advantage in the work field. Knowing a foreign language may increase your chances of finding a new job, especially in the tourism and hospitality field. For example, speaking Spanish is a big advantage when looking for a job of any type in Florida. When you start working, you have better opportunities to grow and to get a promotion or to get transfer overseas or to go on foreign business trips if you speak other languages. Who is going to be sent to negotiate in Mexico? Logically, a Spanish speaking person will be sent. Many English-speaking business people don't bother to learn other languages because they believe that most of the people they do business with can speak English, but the locals will probably feel more comfortable using their own language rather than English. Even learning a couple of words and being able to say, “Hello. How are you?” will mean a lot to a potential business partner. That means that you are interested in their culture, not just in the money and profits.

Furthermore, if you want to move to a different country, speaking the local language will help you to communicate and integrate with the local community. English is spoken everywhere, for instance, if you move to my country, Macedonia you can speak English and normally communicate with the locals. If you move to Holland, which is next to England, 90% of the people speak English, it's still worth it to speak the local language, or even show initiative to learn the local language, because that will demonstrate your interest in and commitment to the new country. When you move to a foreign country, you will face different customs and way of living. In order to better understand the culture and way of thinking, it’s very helpful to speak the local language. If you speak or even try to, you will be able to win over sympathies from the locals. That means you show respect to them, for their culture and country, so when you win sympathies that will help you to talk and integrate with the local community faster and easier.

In addition, if you speak more than one language it is easier to travel, meet people, and make friends. I have traveled to many places in the world. I have visited at least 20 countries in Europe, Asia, and America. One thing I learned is that, the more languages you speak, the better it is. I speak four Slavic languages, so whenever I travel somewhere, I meet people from Slavic speaking countries. Even though we speak English after we say a couple of words in Slavic to each other, the fact that I speak or even understand their languages makes me their friend. Knowing even a few phrases of the language will make a huge difference. You will meet many more people and find it much easier to get around when you travel. People are much more receptive if you make an effort to speak their language. This can turn a frustrating experience into the trip of a lifetime. For instance, I know a few phrases in Spanish, so whenever I meet Spanish speaking people, I start saying words in Spanish. Their reaction is always positive because I put an effort to learn and to understand some words and parts of their culture.

Language is what makes us human. It is the medium we use to share our thoughts with the world. Could you imagine thought without language? The world would be a very complicated place for people to understand each other; therefore, learning another language is like discovering another world. One thing is sure, the more languages we speak the better we understand the world and the other cultures.

Source: http://www.ArticlePros.com/author.php?DavidStack

Using Wish

2008-11-01T08:31:00.004+07:00

English speakers using "wish" to show that they want the situations to be different.The verb after "wish" is one tense back, so that if you are wishing for a different present situation, the tense that follows "wish" is past simple or past continuous. If you are wishing that a past situation was different, the tense that comes after "wish" is past perfect. You can also use "wish" with modal verbs in English.

Wish and present situations

Situation: My sister is untidy. (Verb "to be" in the present simple)
Wish:I wish she was tidier. (Verb "to be" in past simple)

Situation: I am going to London next week. (Verb "to go" in present continuous)
Wish: "I wish I wasn't going to London next week." (Verb "to go" in past continuous)

Situation: I haven't studied for the English test. (Verb "to study" in present perfect)
Wish: "I wish I had studied for the English test." (Verb "to study" in past perfect)

Wish and past situations

Situation: I didn't go on holiday this year. (Verb "to go" is in past simple)
Wish: "I wish I had gone on holiday this year. (Verb "to go" is in past perfect.)

Wish with modal verbs

With could to refer to ability

Situation: I can't play a musical instrument.
Wish: "I wish I could play a musical instrument."

With would to refer to habits and free will

Situation: He whistles in the office.
Wish: I wish he wouldn't whistle in the office. (In this sentence you are stressing the fact he wants to whistle and makes a habit of it.)

You could also say: "I wish he didn't whistle in the office." (In this sentence you aren't stressing his desire to whistle, but you are just making a comment about a present situation.)

Source : www.english-at-home.com

When Is A Question An Indirect Question?

2008-10-28T08:56:00.002+07:00

“Where is the dog?”

“Can you tell me where the dog is?”

Both of these questions ask the same thing, but they are different kinds of questions. “Where is the dog?” is called a direct question and “Can you tell me where the dog is?” is an indirect question even though both questions are asking the same thing. The difference is that the second question is longer and has a more polite way of asking the question, which is the main difference between indirect and direct questions.

Indirect questions use a form of the verb “to do”, such as “Do you know where the dog is?” Some of these questions are not really questions and more like statements, such as “I wonder what I will have for dinner.” One definition of this kind of question is that it is a polite way of encouraging a response from someone.

It is important to realize that indirect questions do not use the verb form of “to do” in the main question. Let’s use a direct question “when does the store open?” as an example. The indirect version of this would be “can you tell me when the store opens?”. An incorrect version of an indirect form would be to say “can you tell me when does the store open?” Notice how using the verb form of “to do” (does) is not to be used in the main question of the indirect form.

There are many ways to create an indirect question. Remember, not all indirect questions possess a similar sentence structure as a normal question. In other words, indirect questions can be a way of asking something without needing a question mark at the end of the sentence.

For example: I’d be curious to know how much gas costs today.

That is an indirect question in the sense that it encourages a response from the listener but is not formally structured as a question.

Here are some of the endless ways to start an indirect question:

I wonder if…
It’d be interesting to know…
I can imagine that was…
I can’t remember whether or not…
I wish I knew…

You can combine these phrases with any direct question to form an indirect question.

Here are five direct questions:

Is Jim going to the game?
How far can that plane fly?
Was that experience terrifying?
Did I close the garage?
When will you be returning home?

Let’s combine the five ways we listed of how to start an indirect question with the five direct questions listed above.

I wonder if Jim is going to the game.
It’d be interesting to know how far that plane can fly.
I can imagine that was a terrifying experience.
I can’t remember whether or not I closed the garage.
I wish I knew when you will be returning home.

Notice how all of the direct questions ended in a question mark. Yet, by using indirect question phrases, we transformed all of those questions into a sentence that doesn’t use a question mark.

But don't be confused. Plenty of indirect questions still need a question mark. One example of this is : Would you mind telling me what time it is?

Source : www.grammar.com

How to use gerunds

2008-10-22T20:32:00.003+07:00

In English, the ing form, for example swimming or smoking, is both a noun and a verb. You can follow it by an object, smoking cigarettes, by a verb, swimming is good, or you can make it the object of a sentence, I like swimming.

1. After Verbs

You use the ing form after some verbs such as enjoy, admit, appreciate, can't stand / help / bear, deny, avoid, mind, understand.

For example, "I can't stand doing nothing", or "she denied breaking the copier".

With 'from' and 'to' with some verbs

Prevent / stop someone from doing: "He prevented her from leaving."

Look forward to doing: "We look forward to hearing from you soon."

Object to doing: "Does anyone object to me smoking?"

Get used to doing: "It took him a long time to get used to living in a city."

Prefer something to doing something else: "I prefer cooking to doing the dishes."

2. After preposition

"Before going out he turned off the heating."

"I'm tired of arguing."

"These are used for cracking walnuts."

"I passed the exam by remembering the equations."

In some fixed expressions

"As well as doing…"
"It's no good doing…"
"It's no use doing…"

Some verbs can use either the 'to do' or the 'ing' form

See / hear / watch someone do / doing

With the verb form do, you see or hear the whole action. For example,” I heard him tell you about the letter."

With the verb form ing you only see or hear part of the action. For example, "I saw her drinking a coffee in the bar."

Remember / regret

If you use ing after these verbs, you are talking about something that happened before. "I remember coming here as a child" - I'm not a child any more, but I remember the times when I came here before.

"I regret not studying." (I didn't study in the past and I regret it now.)

If you use the to do form after these verbs, then you are referring to something in the future.

"Please remember to turn off the lights." (Please don't forget to do it later.)

"I regret to inform you that…" (I'm just about to tell you some bad news.)

Stop

"I want to stop smoking." (I want to break my habit.)

"She stopped to sit down." (She stopped walking so that she could sit down.)

Try

Try + ing = try out this experiment.

Try reading something in English every day." (You may be surprised at the results!)

Try to do = try hard to do something.

"Please try to be quiet when you come in." (please make an effort)

Source : www.english-at-home.com

The Importance of Learning a Foreign Language

2008-10-15T15:27:00.002+07:00

Learning a new or foreign language can be difficult. Most people may feel as though they simply do not have the time or the necessity to learn a language different from the one they grew up with. Many Americans, especially, are under the impression that the rest of the world should learn English. Thus, Americans can stick with what they already know, English. However, I believe that in today's world, it is necessary to begin learning another language (or a few more).

A Few reasons to learn a new language

1. Often, people from other countries speak more than one language. Therefore, they have access to more opportunities, both in the availability of business partnerships abroad or within pleasurable travel experiences as they are able to communicate with more people.

2. In regards to the recent crash of the economies of America and other nations (especially in Europe), it seems as though the failures in the American economy have lead to failures in economies worldwide. Thus the world is dependent upon the global market. As a consequence, in order for an individual to become active in the global community, they must be able to communicate globally- and learning a foreign language is an essential component.

3. With the rise of the melting pot caused in part by immigration and a more general openness to accept others, comes many various cultures, many of which bring along with them their native language.

4. Getting to know another culture and travel to the respective country is one of the more obvious reasons for learning a foreign language. Imagine yourself learning about the Great Wall of China from a native, sipping un café à Paris whilst you converse with the locals at a café near the Eiffel Tower, or or even just understanding directions to a famed restaurant or hotel that you have heard about on a travel show. One of the first steps to getting to know a culture is being able to converse with its members.

Many people may try to find a shortcut to learning a new language. In order to truly acquire a foreign language, you must be willing to commit to it for the long term. Many people claim that they previously knew another language, but they have forgotten it because of a lack of practice.

In the future I plan on discussing different methods to learning a foreign language, and the retention of the language. If you have come to this site, I am going to assume that you are open to the possibilities that the world has to offer, the opportunities that learning a foreign language provides.

Source : David / www.goarticles.com

20 Practical Tips of Taking TOEFL

2008-09-19T10:11:00.003+07:00

1. Familiarize yourself with the three TOEFL formats (Internet-based, Computer-based, Paper-based)

Make sure you find out which test you will be taking before you start studying for the TOEFL. Most of the types of questions are similar, although there are a few new questions that can only be answered on a computer. The iBT and CBT use visual stimuli and have a written portion.

2. Research TOEFL score requirements

If you take the TOEFL in order to apply to a specific school or program, find out what the requirements are for the schools you are interested in going to. Remember that the scores for the paper based test are different than the scores for the CBT and iBT. The average minimum score required is approximately 550 (paper test) or 215 (CBT) or 70 (iBT). Many universities expect you to achieve higher writing skills than speaking skills. TOEFL scores are only valid for two years.

3. Learn academic English

TOEFL is used for a different purpose than other ESL tests. The TOEFL measures your ability to succeed in an American university or college. You don't have to know about the business world as you do in the TOEIC test. Instead, you should concentrate on studying language that you would hear on campus and terms that you would hear in the classroom. You should read textbooks, encyclopaedias, journals and research articles rather than advertisements and resumes.

4. Use practice tests

The best way to prepare for the TOEFL is to practice doing the tests. Find a textbook that has exercises, vocabulary, practice tests, CDs, and explanatory answers. Work on the sections that you find most challenging. Don't just rely on one book. You might have a book that is much easier than the official TOEFL. Look for free samples on the Internet to supplement your textbook.

5. Find a mentor

A reliable native English teacher who knows a lot about the TOEFL is one of the best resources a student can have. You will have many questions that your textbook can't answer for you. If you cannot afford a teacher or a tutor, find a student who has studied for the test before.

6. Build up your stamina

The TOEFL test takes a long time to write. If you are taking the paper based test it will take you about 2.5 hours. The iBT and CBT are much longer. You can expect to be at the computer for 4 hours. Many students have an attention span of about two hours. Remind yourself that it is a long test a few days before test day. It is absolutely necessary that you get a good night's sleep before this test. You cannot afford to be tired.

7. Arrive prepared

If you arrive at the test center with all of the things you need, you will feel calm and ready. If you are writing the paper based test you should have a number of pencils, a pencil sharpener, and a few erasers that don't smudge. You will also need a pen to write the essay on the CBT if you choose not to type it. It is also important that your identification looks valid. If you have had problems with your ID before, make sure to bring a backup photo. Don't forget any paper work that ETS sends you to prove that you have registered.

8. Pace yourself

Wear a watch. This is especially important if you are taking the paper based test. Some exam rooms do not have clocks. The CBT has a clock on the screen, however, you should still wear a watch to make sure that you arrive on time! Watch your time very closely. You should never spend longer than a minute on one question. You will only have 30 minutes to write the essay at the end of the CBT. Spend at least 5 minutes planning your essay. Save at least 5 minutes to check your work.

9. Use the tutorials

On the CBT there are tutorials to help you understand how to answer the questions properly. Don't skip the tutorials. You get extra time to use them. They will help you to feel comfortable.

10. Learn about the CAT (computer adaptive testing)

The first two sections of the CBT are computer adaptive. That means that you will be given a few questions that are of medium difficulty. After you answer those questions, the computer will determine which questions to give you next. The first 10-15 questions in each part are extremely important. If you answer these correctly, your score will be much higher.

11. Answer every question

Never leave a question blank. Eliminate all of the answers you know are wrong and then make an educated guess. On the CBT, you cannot skip a question and go back to it. You have to answer a question and confirm that you are happy with your answer. You cannot change your answers, so double check to be sure. The reading section is not computer adaptive. You can skip or change questions, but only if you have extra time. You can always go back and change questions on the paper test, but students rarely have time to do this.

12. Secrets for the Listening section

Don't look back at a listening question after you have decided on an answer. You should always try to read ahead. If you know the questions before you hear the passage you will have a head start. In the TOEFL iBT you are allowed to take notes. This in not permitted for the paper and computer based TOEFL. On the real test you will only hear everything once. You have to train your ears to listen right the first time.

13. Secrets for the Structure section

This section has been eliminated for the TOEFL iBT. You do not need to study for this section unless you are taking an old version of the TOEFL. Many students say that this is the most difficult part of the TOEFL test. The important thing is that you can identify the parts of the sentence. Always make sure that every sentence has a subject and a verb. Look at the punctuation in the sentence. You should be able to recognize the structure (for example, prepositional phrase or noun clause) even if you don't understand what the sentence means.

14. Secrets for the Reading section

Just like in the structure section, it is not important that you know every word in the reading section. Concentrate on the areas that the questions pertain to. Skim through the passage, read the questions, then read for more detail. The questions usually come in the order they appear in the passage. Anticipate the type of questions you will be asked in this section. At least 60 percent of the readings will have a main idea question. You will be asked at least two vocabulary questions from each reading. You will also be asked some detailed questions and some inference questions. You will not have time to reread a whole passage.

15. Secrets for the Writing section

You will have 30 minutes to write the essay on the CBT. The paper based tests is sometimes accompanied by the TWE (Test of Written English). You will not have access to a spell check function on the CBT. The most important thing is to keep your writing simple and clear. Don't use vocabulary and punctuation that you are unsure of. You will not impress the reader. When you practice for this section, find a format that you are comfortable with. Use this format every time. Always leave time to review what you have written. Read your essay silently in your head.

16. Make your corrections clear

If you are taking the paper test, remember that a machine will be marking your test. Only one circle must be filled in. Fill it in all the way using a sharp dark pencil. If you erase something, make sure it is completely erased. Many students lose points for being sloppy with their pencils and erasers.

17. Dress in comfortable clothing

Dress in comfortable layers on test day. You never know whether or not the test room will be cold or warm. Wear your favourite shirt. When you feel comfortable you perform better! Don't wear tight clothing. You have to sit in one place for a long time.

18. Make sure to eat before the test

Four hours is a long time to go without a snack. You will not be allowed to bring any food or drinks into the test room with you. Eat a sensible meal before you take the test. Avoid too much caffeine as it will give you the shakes. Don't consume large amounts of sugar right before the test. You will get tired very quickly.

19. Refer to the official TOEFL website

The official TOEFL website ( www.toefl.com) has a number of helpful things that you can download for free. They will supply you with a list of writing topics for the essay. You can also find important information about test centers and test updates. Many of your questions can be answered here. You will also get hints about which resources are worth buying.

20. Scores

Scores for the iBT are available online 15 days after you take the test. For paper based and computer based TOEFL contact the test center and ask for a Score Report Request Form. You can choose four institutions where you want your score to be sent to free of charge. You should bring this information with you on test day. If you are taking the CBT you will know your Listening and Reading score. You won't find out your Structure/Writing score until you get this information in the mail. If you wait until after test day, you will be charged approximately 12 US dollars for each institution that you wish to receive your score.

Source : http://www.englishclub.com/esl-exams/ets-toefl-tips.htm

Reading Tips to Improve Your Pronunciation

2008-09-15T12:44:00.002+07:00

Choose a paragraph and read aloud.
Choose a paragraph and mark each sentence with a sound script (helpful pronunciation markup). This will help you read more naturally, and thus pronounce correctly.
Choose a few sentences from your reading material and highlight content words. Read these sentences focusing on accenting these content words, while quickly speaking over the structure words. For more information on this technique read this article on English as a time-stressed language.
Once you become comfortable reading a single paragraph aloud, read an entire page by reading a paragraph aloud and then reading one silently.
Choose some nursery rhymes to practice. They will help you with pronunciation through rhythm.
Read a short story or a few paragraphs to a friend who is also studying English. Compare the differences and discuss what might be the reasons for the differences.
Choose a paragraph, short article or newspaper story with new vocabulary. Use the Babylon dictionary or other online pronunciation resource to help you learn the correct pronunciation of these words.
Read a play with some friends. Each friend takes a different part. Start with short scenes. Once you are comfortable, read longer pieces together.

Source : Kenneth Beare

850 Basic Words in English

2008-09-09T17:14:00.003+07:00

Below are Odgon's 850 basic words in English. Read through and see how many words you're familiar with. It'll basically tell you what level of English proficiency you're at now.

OPERATIONS - 100 words

come, get, give, go, keep, let, make, put, seem, take, be, do, have, say, see, send, may, will, about, across, after, against, among, at, before, between, by, down, from, in, off, on, over, through, to, under, up, with, as, for, of, till, than, a , the, all, any, every, little, much, no, other, some, such, that, this, I , he, you, who, and, because, but, or, if, though, while, how, when, where, why, again, ever, far, forward, here, near, now, out, still, then, there, together, well, almost, enough, even, not, only, quite, so, very, tomorrow, yesterday, north, south, east, west, please, yes .

THINGS - 400 General words

account, act, addition, adjustment, advertisement, agreement, air, amount, amusement, animal, answer, apparatus, approval, argument, art, attack, attempt, attention, attraction, authority, back, balance, base, behavior, belief, birth, bit, bite, blood, blow, body, brass, bread, breath, brother, building, burn, burst, business, butter, canvas, care, cause, chalk, chance, change, cloth, coal, color, comfort, committee, company, comparison, competition, condition, connection, control, cook, copper, copy, cork, cotton, cough, country, cover, crack, credit, crime, crush, cry ,current, curve, damage, danger, daughter, day, death, debt, decision, degree, design, desire, destruction, detail, development, digestion, direction, discovery, discussion, disease, disgust, distance, distribution, division, doubt, drink, driving, dust, earth, edge, education, effect, end, error, event, example, exchange, existence, expansion, experience, expert, fact, fall, family, father, fear, feeling, fiction, field, fight, fire, flame, flight, flower, fold, food, force, form, friend, front, fruit, glass, gold, government, grain, grass, grip, group, growth, guide, harbor, harmony, hate, hearing, heat, help, history, hole, hope, hour, humor ice, idea, impulse, increase, industry, ink, insect, instrument, insurance, interest, invention, iron, jelly, join, journey, judge, jump, kick, kiss, knowledge, land, language, laugh, law, lead, learning, leather, letter, level, lift, light, limit, linen, liquid, list, look, loss, love, machine, man, manager, mark, market, mass, meal, measure, meat, meeting, memory, metal, middle, milk, mind, mine, minute, mist, money, month, morning ,mother, motion, mountain, move, music, name, nation, need, news, night, noise, note, number, observation, offer, oil, operation, opinion, order, organization, ornament, owner, page, pain, paint, paper, part, paste, payment, peace, person, place, plant, play, pleasure, point, poison, polish, porter, position, powder, power, price, print, process, produce, profit, property, prose, protest, pull, punishment, purpose, push, quality, question, rain, range, rate, ray, reaction, reading, reason, record, regret, relation, religion, representative, request, respect, rest, reward, rhythm, rice, river, road, roll, room, rub, rule, run, salt, sand, scale, science, sea seat, secretary, selection, self, sense, servant, sex, shade, shake, shame, shock, side, sign, silk, silver, sister, size, sky, sleep, slip, slope, smash, smell, smile, smoke, sneeze, snow, soap, society, son, song, sort, sound, soup, space stage start statement, steam, steel, step, stitch, stone, stop, story, stretch, structure substance sugar, suggestion, summer, support, surprise, swim, system, talk, taste, tax, teaching, tendency, test, theory, thing, thought, thunder, time, tin, top, touch, trade, transport, trick, trouble, turn, twist, unit, use, value, verse, vessel, view, voice, walk, war, wash, waste, water, wave, wax, way, weather, week, weight, wind, wine, winter, woman, wood, wool, word, work, wound, writing . year

THINGS - 200 Picturable word

sangle, ant, apple, arch, arm, army, baby, bag, ball, band, basin, basket, bath, bed, bee, bell, berry, bird, blade, board, boat, bone, book, boot, bottle, box, boy, brain, brake, branch, brick, bridge, brush, bucket, bulb, button, cake, camera, card, cart, carriage, cat, chain, cheese, chest, chin, church, circle, clock, cloud, coat, collar, comb, cord, cow, cup, curtain, cushion, dog, door, drain, drawer, dress, drop, ear, egg, engine, eye, face, farm, feather, finger, fish, flag, floor, fly, foot, fork, fowl, frame garden, girl, glove, goat, gun, hair, hammer, hand, hat, head, heart, hook, horn, horse, hospital, house, island, jewel, kettle, key, knee, knife, knot, leaf, leg, library, line, lip, lock, map, match, monkey, moon, mouth, muscle, nail, neck, needle, nerve, net, nose, nut, office, orange, oven, parcel, pen, pencil, picture, pig, pin, pipe, plane, plate, plough/plow, pocket, pot, potato, prison, pump, rail, rat, receipt, ring, rod, roof, root, sail, school, scissors, screw, seed, sheep, shelf, ship, shirt, shoe, skin, skirt, snake, sock, spade, sponge, spoon, spring, square, stamp, star, station, stem, stick, stocking, stomach, store, street, sun, table, tail, thread, throat, thumb, ticket, toe, tongue, tooth, town, train, tray, tree, trousers, umbrella, wall, watch, wheel, whip, whistle, window, wing, wire, worm .

QUALITIES - 100 Generalable

acid, angry, automatic, beautiful, black, boiling, bright, broken, brown, cheap, chemical, chief, clean, clear, common, complex, conscious, cut, deep, dependent, early, elastic, electric, equal, fat, fertile, first, fixed, flat, free, frequent, full, general, good, great, grey/gray, hanging, happy, hard, healthy, high, hollow, important, kind, like, living, long, male, married, material, medical, military, natural, necessary, new, normal, open, parallel, past, physical, political, poor, possible, present, private, probable, quick, quiet, ready, red, regular, responsible, right, round, same, second, separate, serious, sharp, smooth, sticky, stiff, straight, strong, sudden, sweet, tall, thick, tight, tired, true, violent, waiting, warm, wet, wide, wise, yellow, young .

QUALITIES - 50 Opposites

awake, bad, bent, bitter, blue, certain, cold, complete, cruel, dark, dead, dear, delicate, different, dirty, dry, false, feeble, female, foolish, future, green, ill, last, late, left, loose, loud, low, mixed, narrow, old, opposite, public, rough, sad, safe, secret, short, shut, simple, slow, small, soft, solid, special, strange, thin, white, wrong .

Source : www.studyenglish-online.blogspot.com

Tips To Improve Your Foreign Language (English Language) Skills

2008-09-07T12:44:00.003+07:00

Learning a second language can be a daunting task. If you are lucky enough to have bilingual parents or attended a school that taught second languages, that's great. But what if you are older now and interested in learning a second language? The good news is there are many helpful tools for you to access.

Learning an additional language is beneficial in many ways. You can easily communicate in other language and express your thoughts, ideas and opinions in a different language. Some languages help in strengthening your interaction with others and you can increase your dealings and businesses to get better profit.

Foreign languages are not easy to learn. A person needs to work hard on vocabulary, grammar, and expressions to get the basics correctly. Here are some tips that help you to get learn a language faster and easily:

1. Spend More Time

To grasp a language in a perfect manner, you need to spend more time on the language. You need to read different books written in your preferred language. Listening to music and conversation in that particular language will help you to get correct pronunciation and usage. Take foreign language help if you face any difficulty. You can also practice it by conversing it with people.

2.Computer Programs

If you enjoy learning with multimedia programs on the computer, there are several different brands that you can use. Most combine visual flashcard-type lessons or video with the ability to practice speaking the language using a microphone. An excellent example is Rosetta Stone software. They use a total immersion method, which can be a little frustrating at first but if you stay with it, you will see your comprehension develop.

3. Travel Abroad

Taking up frequent trips to different countries of the world will help you to understand their practices and culture. You can see and understand their values, traditions and importance of language attached to it. Sometimes you may come across the native tongue of a particular area and learn few words.

4.On-Line Programs

There are many programs for learning a second language on-line. This gives you the advantage of being able to study from any computer and gives you immediate access. Rosetta Stone has an on-line version. There are also many language reference and dictionary websites.

5.Learn the Essence of the Languages

Languages are the essence of a persons existence. It is the perfect medium to share your mindset with others and gives you a chance to analysis others' thoughts and actions. It is difficult to survive without any language, so value it and learn it thoroughly.

6.Audio Programs

If you don't have a computer or prefer to learn while doing other things like sitting in rush hour traffic, an audio program may be best for you. I recommend the Pimsleur programs. They combine an instructor with native speakers that let you hear a word or phrase and then give you a chance to repeat it. In fact, you may get sick of repeating it but you will learn it.

7.Complete Immersion

By far, the best way to learn a language is by living in a country that speaks the language. Of course you will still need to use one or more of the above methods but if you can do it while living around people who speak the language, you will learn much faster and speak better. No matter how good the program or class is, it is not exactly the same as actually living the language. You may not be able to actually move to another country but if you can spend 2 weeks to a month studying there, it will be well worth it.

source :Johny Rider / www.blisspublisher.com

5 Amateur Tips How to Increase Your Writing Skill

2008-09-06T12:56:00.003+07:00

Let's start from the simple one.

1. Try to write in English

Why dont you try to write in English a simple sentence or shortmail such as your mail. I'm sure you can do this.

2. Just read anything in English

Newspaper, story, magazine or anything that you like. Learn how the writer arranged the sentence and paragraph. I'm sure you will get something. New vocabularies, how toarrange a good sentence etc etc

3. Prepare your dictionary and grammar book

When you write,always check and re-check again that you use the correct word. Also,check the grammar too. I always use word processor program (such as,MS Office or Open Office) to help me check the spelling and grammar.Trust me, it's much easier than doing it manually.

4. Try writing blog in English

If you like to write, why dont you try writing blog like me. You can write in free blogging software such us Blogger, Wordpress, Multiply etc. Or,microblogging such as Plurk, Twitter,Kronologer. Some of my friends did this. They just wrote their daily/hourly activity in short message like SMS. If i'm not mistaken a message should be not larger than 140 characters. Hmm...easy, isn't it? As far as I know, indonesianmicroblogger is just a few. So, they had to interract with other user who are foreigner and speak the same language, English. They said that their skill has improved than before.

5. Always learn and learn

Last but not least, keep the spirit and your confidence. If you are not trust yourself, then who will? So, keep practice and practice.

Introduction of TOEFL

2008-09-02T13:11:00.004+07:00

The Test of English as a Foreign Language (or TOEFLs, pronounced "toe-full" or sometimes "toy-ful") evaluates the potential success of an individual to use and understand Standard America English at a college level. It is required for non-native applicants at many English-speaking colleges and universities. Additionally, institutions such as government agencies, businesses, or scholarship programs may require this test. A TOEFL score is valid for two years and then is deleted from the official database. Colleges and universities usually consider only the most recent TOEFL score.

The TOEFL test is a registered trademark of Educational Testing Service (ETS) and is administered worldwide. The test was first administered in 1964 and has since been taken by nearly 20 million students.

Formats and Contents

A. Internet-Based Test

Since its introduction in late 2005, the Internet-Based test (iBT) has progressively replaced both the Computer Based (CBT) and Paper Based (PBT) ests. The iBT has been introduced in phases, with the United States, Canada, France,Germany, and Italy in 2005 and the rest of the world in 2006, with test centers added regularly.

Although the demand for test seats was very high, and candidates had to wait for months, it is now possible to take the test within one to four weeks in most countries. The four-hour test consists of four sections, each measuring mainly one of the basic language skills (although some tasks may require multiple skills) focusing on language used in an academic, higher-education environment. Note-taking is allowed during the iBT. The test cannot be taken more than once a week.

1. Reading

The reading section consists of 3–5 long passages and questions about the passages. The passages are on academic topics; they are the kind of material that might be found in an undergraduate university textbook. Students answer questions about main ideas, details, inferences, sentence restatements, sentence insertion, vocabulary, function and overall ideas. New types of questions in the iBT require paraphrasing, filling out tables, or completing summaries. Generally prior knowledge of the subject under discussion is not necessary to come to the correct answer, though a priori knowledge may help.

2. Listening

It consists of six long passages and questions about the passages. The passages consist of two student conversations and four academic lectures or discussions. The questions ask the students to determine main ideas, details, function, stance, inferences, and overall organization.

3. Speaking

It consists of six tasks, two independent tasks and four integrated tasks. In the two independent tasks, students must answer opinion questions about some aspect of academic life. In two integrated reading, listening, and speaking tasks, students must read a passage, listen to a passage, and speak about how the ideas in the two passages are related. In two integrated listening and speaking tasks, students must listen to long passages and then summarize and offer opinions on the information in the passages. Test takers are expected to convey information, explain ideas, and defend opinions clearly, coherently, and accurately.

4. Writing
The Writing Section consists of two tasks, one integrated task and one independent task. In the integrated task, students must read an academic passage, listen to an academic passage, and write about how the ideas in the two passages are related. In the independent task, students must write a personal essay.

1. READING
3 passages and 39 questions 60 minutes

2. LISTENING
6 passages and 34 questions 50 minutes

3. SPEAKING
6 tasks and 6 questions 20 minutes

WRITING
2 tasks and 2 questions 55 minutes

It should be noted that at least one of the sections of the test will include extra, uncounted material. Educational Testing Service includes extra material to try out material for future tests. If the test taker is given a longer section, he must work hard on all of the materials because he does not know which material counts and which material is extra. For example, if there are four reading passages instead of three, three of the passages will count and one of the passages will not be counted. It is possible that the uncounted passage could be any of the four passages

B. Paper-Based Test

In areas where the iBT and CBT are not available, a paper-based test (PBT) is given. Because test takers cannot register at the testing center on the test date, they must register in advance using the registration form provided in the Suplemental Paper TOEFL Bulletin. They should register in advance of the given deadlines to ensure a place because the test centers have limited seating and may fill up early. Tests are administered only several times each year.

The PBT tests essentially the same skills as the CBT, albeit with some differences, noticeably the number of questions (which is higher in the PBT) and the score scales. The test lasts 4 hours more or less. Students can take the test as many times as they wish. However, colleges and universities usually consider only the most recent score.

1. Listening (30-40 minutes)

It consists of three parts. The first one contains 30 questions about short conversations. The second part has 8 questions about longer conversations. The last part asks 12 questions about lectures or talks.

2. Structure and Written Expression (25 minutes)
This part has 15 exercises of completing sentences correctly and 25 exercises of identifying errors.

3. Reading Comprehension (55 minutes)
It has 50 questions about reading passages.

4. Writing (30 minutes)
One essay with 250-300 words in average

Source : wikipedia

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